A power plant-connected energy storage system maintains frequency quality of power generated and supplied by a power plant. The system includes an electric energy storage unit that includes two or more batteries of different types and is configured to be charged or discharged to improve frequency quality of power output from the power plant; and a power conditioner configured to control of the power output from the power plant and to control charge and discharge at least one of the two or more batteries in accordance with the control of the power output from the power plant. The two or more batteries include a short cycle battery having a relatively short charge/discharge cycle and a long cycle battery having a relatively long charge/discharge cycle.

A power supply system (10) is used for supplying power to a power system of an electric tractor and comprises a bracket (100) that is provided above and below a frame of a transport trailer, first cases (200) that are provided on the bracket and first power battery packs that are suspended inside the first case. Each of the first cases is provided with a first ventilation structure and a second ventilation structure (211) so that while the transport trailer is moving, wind can enter the first case from the first ventilation structure and be discharged from the second ventilation structure, thus achieving further cooling and heat dissipation for the first power battery packs and avoiding service life being impacted due to the first power battery pack overheating.

The present disclosure relates to a method and system for determining, applying, and/or managing the state-of-health of fuel cell to control the lifespan of the fuel cell in a vehicle and/or powertrain.

An energy storage system is provided in this application, which includes at least one energy storage container, and the energy storage container includes a battery management system and m battery clusters. Third controllers corresponding to n battery packs in each battery cluster determine a first third controller connected in series, and set a physical position of the first third controller to a first physical position. An i.sup.th third controller in the third controllers corresponding to then battery packs in each battery cluster determines a physical position of the i.sup.th third controller based on a position signal sent by an (i−1).sup.th third controller, where i=2, 3, . . . , or n. A first controller determines physical positions of remaining second controllers according to a rapid spanning tree protocol (RSTP) and a known physical position of a second controller.

The invention relates to a battery (100) that works by regulating the power source (112) to provide a suitable voltage output so that the user's devices/products using the battery will have a high performance among several other advantages. The battery (100) comprises a positive terminal (102); a negative terminal (112); a power source (114); and a voltage regulation device (110). The voltage regulation device (110) is operatively connected to the positive terminal (102), the negative terminal (112) and the power source (114). The voltage regulation device (110) includes electronic components that are operatively connected to each other in order to regulate an output voltage in a programmed variable level.

A method for controlling the input voltage frequency of a DC-DC converter includes calculating a control frequency value of the DC-DC converter. If the measured voltage is greater than the upper voltage limit, the control frequency corresponds to the minimum control frequency. If the measured voltage is less than the lower voltage limit, the control frequency corresponds to the maximum control frequency. If the measured voltage is between the upper voltage limit and the lower voltage limit, the control frequency corresponds to an average frequency calculated as a function of the difference between the setpoint voltage value and the measured voltage, upper error values and lower error values, and maximum and minimum control frequency values.

A method of operating a buck converter is disclosed. The buck converter includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and an inductor between a node and an output of the buck converter. The method includes, during a first portion of a cycle, coupling the first capacitor and the second capacitor in series between an input of the buck converter and a ground, wherein the first capacitor is coupled between the input of the buck converter and the node, and the second capacitor is coupled between the node and the ground. The method also includes, during a second portion of the cycle, coupling the second capacitor and the first capacitor in series between the input of the buck converter and the ground, wherein the second capacitor is coupled between the input of the buck converter and the node, and the first capacitor is coupled between the node and the ground.

The invention relates to a method for aging-optimized charging of an energy store of a motor vehicle, comprising: detecting a predetermined number of consecutive full charging processes of the energy store; creating a use profile of the energy store on the basis of discharging processes of the energy store between the consecutive full charging processes; determining whether the created use profile requires a full charging process as the next charging process, and, if the created use profile does not require a full charging process as the next charging process, proposing the charging strategy for the aging-optimized charging, wherein the charging strategy specifies a partial charging process of the energy store for at least the next charging process, in which the energy store is charged up to a predetermined partial charging limit of the operating capacity of the energy store that is smaller than the full charging limit.

Aspects relate to a charger for an electric aircraft with failure monitoring and method for its use. An exemplary charger for an electric aircraft with failure monitoring includes a charging circuit. Included within the charging circuit is a connector configured to mate with an electric aircraft port of an electric aircraft and at least a current conductor configured to conduct a current. At least a conductor comprises a direct current conductor configured to conduct a direct current; and an alternating current conductor configured to conduct an alternating current. A charger may include a control circuit configured to command the charging circuit of an electric aircraft as a function of charging datum. A charger may also include a failure monitor circuit, the failure monitor circuit configured to: detect a failure and initiate a failure mitigation procedure as a function of failure detection.

An IC card communicates with a reader/writer, which is inductive read/write communication equipment, in a non-contact manner. The IC card includes a proximity detection circuit that detects a proximity state to the reader/writer, a near-field communication circuit, an electronic function circuit, an electricity storage device, and a power supply control circuit. The power supply control circuit controls, based on a detection result of the proximity detection circuit, power supply from the electricity storage device to the electronic function circuit. The IC card manages and controls presence/absence and timing of power supply from the electricity storage device to the electronic function circuit and effectively controls discharging of the electricity storage device and charging of the electricity storage device.