A battery pack includes a housing, a cell group, an interface disposed on the housing so as to be connected to a charger or a power tool. The interface includes a first terminal electrically connected to a first electrode of the cell group, a second terminal electrically connected to the first electrode of the cell group, and a third terminal electrically connected to a second electrode of the cell group. The battery pack includes a first interrupt circuit disposed on a discharging loop, a second interrupt circuit disposed on a charging loop, and a control unit connected to the second interrupt circuit. The second interrupt circuit has an on state and an off stat. The control unit outputs, under a preset condition, a control signal to the second interrupt circuit such that the second interrupt circuit switches from the on state to the off state.

The present disclosure provides a charging system and method and a power adapter. The system includes: a battery; a first rectification unit, configured to output a voltage with a first pulsating waveform; a switch unit, configured to modulate the voltage with the first pulsating waveform; a transformer, configured to output a voltage with a second pulsating waveform according to the modulated voltage; a second rectification unit, configured to rectify the voltage with the second pulsating waveform to output a voltage with a third pulsating waveform; and a control unit, configured to output the control signal to the switch unit to decrease a length of a valley of the voltage with the third pulsating waveform such that a peak value of a voltage of the battery is sampled.

Techniques for implementing a fault-tolerant power supply are described. In an example, a system converts an alternating-current (AC) voltage to an initial direct current (DC) voltage. The system further converts the initial DC voltage to a first DC voltage and a second DC voltage. The system applies the first DC voltage to a high-priority device such as a metrology device. The system applies the second DC voltage to a low-priority or peripheral device. When the initial DC voltage is outside a voltage range, the system deactivates the second DC voltage to the lower-priority device and maintains the first DC voltage to the metrology device.

Method for controlling and regulating a rechargeable battery having energy storage cells, control electronics, a voltage measurement device and a sensor device, wherein the sensor device and the energy storage cells are respectively connected to one another via at least one controllable switching element so that electrical energy can be conducted from the energy storage cells to the sensor device. The method includes: capturing a first voltage value of the first and second energy storage cells of the voltage measurement device, and adjusting the at least one switching element from a deactivation mode to an activation mode if the difference between the voltage value of the first energy storage cell and the voltage value of the second energy storage cell reaches a predetermined threshold value, in order to conduct electrical voltage from the energy storage cell with the higher voltage value to the sensor device.

A bidirectional power supply system receives power from a low voltage (LV) primary power supply, providing power to a control unit of a LV board net in a first mode of operation. A high voltage (HV) board net is coupled to a HV traction battery. A DC-DC converter, in the first mode, transfers energy from the LV board net to the HV board net to power components of the HV board net via the primary power supply, and, in a second mode of operation, transfers energy from the HV board net to the LV board net to power the control unit via the traction battery. The bidirectional power supply system includes a measurement element to detect whether the primary power supply is lost, and a switching element to switch operation of the DC-DC converter from the first mode to the second mode, when the primary power supply is lost.

A battery saving system (1) for an electrically powered mobility device (13) comprising a battery (15) and a drive control system (16) configured to be powered by the battery, wherein the battery saving system (1) comprises: a current monitoring circuit (3) configured to monitor a load current provided by the battery (15), wherein the current monitoring circuit (3) is configured to determine whether a load current magnitude is below a load current threshold level, a timer circuit (7) having a counter configured to successively count as long as the load current magnitude level is below the load current threshold level, and to reset the counter in the event that the load current level magnitude exceeds the current threshold level, and a disconnecting switch (9) configured to be operated between an open state and a closed state, wherein the timer circuit (7) is configured to trigger the disconnecting switch (9) to obtain the open state when the counter has reached a predetermined number to thereby disconnect the battery (15) from the drive control system (16).

Various embodiments are described that relate to charging a battery set. The battery set can comprise a first battery and a second battery. The batteries can be alternately charged so they are balanced. In one example, when the first battery is charged, then the second battery is not charged and vice versa. The alternation of charging can be managed based on different criteria, such as timing or charge level.

An IC card communicates with a reader/writer, which is inductive read/write communication equipment, in a non-contact manner. The IC card includes a proximity detection circuit that detects a proximity state to the reader/writer, a near-field communication circuit, an electronic function circuit, an electricity storage device, and a power supply control circuit. The power supply control circuit controls, based on a detection result of the proximity detection circuit, power supply from the electricity storage device to the electronic function circuit. The IC card manages and controls presence/absence and timing of power supply from the electricity storage device to the electronic function circuit and effectively controls discharging of the electricity storage device and charging of the electricity storage device.

A system for controlling a high-voltage relay of an eco-friendly vehicle includes a high-voltage battery, a plurality of driving devices driven with power supplied from the high-voltage battery, a relay unit including the high-voltage relay and a relay coil, the high-voltage relay being driven based on an amount of current flowing through the relay coil to interconnect the high-voltage battery and the driving devices, a load determiner for determining whether a conduction current load of the high-voltage relay is high or low, and a controller for changing the amount of current flowing through the relay coil based on a result of the determination of the load determiner.

A battery protection apparatus according to one or more embodiments includes a high voltage switch connected between a high voltage battery module and an external load, a battery configured to supply power to operate the high voltage switch, and a switch control circuit configured to output a signal to control the high voltage switch to be opened when an abnormality occurs in the battery.