A power supply system includes: electrical loads; a first system including a first power supply that outputs a power supply voltage; a second system including a second power supply that includes a storage battery; an inter-system switch; an abnormality determination unit that determines whether an abnormality has occurred in the first system; and a state control unit that opens the inter-system switch when it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the first system. A first path and a second path are provided in parallel with each other between a connection point and the second power supply. In the first path, there is provided an electric power converter. The storage battery is charged to a voltage higher than the lower limit of drive voltages of the electrical loads. Through the second path, the voltage of the storage battery can be applied, bypassing the power converter, to the electrical loads.

In a power supply system, a first system includes a first power supply connected to a first load. A second system includes a second power supply connected to a second load. A connection path connects the systems. An intersystem switch is provided on the connection path. A control apparatus sets the intersystem switch to a closed state and sets a voltage of the first power supply to be higher than a voltage of the second power supply to be a first state in which power supply is performed from the first power supply to the loads. In response to a reverse-direction current from the second system to the first system flowing to the connection path in the first state, the control apparatus sets the intersystem switch to an open state to be a second state in which power supply is performed from the second power supply to the second load.

An underwater data center includes a data center positioned in a water environment, powered by one or more sustainable energy sources. One or more data center nodes is coupled to the data center or included in the data center. A controller is coupled to the one or more data center nodes. A housing member houses the data center node under water. A passive cooling system coupled to the data center. The passive cooling operates by at least one of convention or conduction without moving fluid in the housing. The underwater data center is coupled to a sustainable energy source that provides energy to the underwater data center. The controller is configured to redistribute excess power from the sustainable energy source to an alternate source responsive to determine that the power from the sustainable energy source is greater than an amount needed to power the system.

A valve-device (VD) for a vehicle-braking-system (VBS), and a VBS. A VD for a VBS, having first/second control-units (CU), which are electrically connectable to the VD, which includes a valve-unit (VU) with an actuator for actuating the VU, a valve housing (VH) for the VU, and an error protection module (EPM) outside the VH. The EPM includes first/second supply-ports (SP) for electrical attachment to the first/second CUs, first/second main-ports (MP) for electrical attachment to the first/second CUs, a first connection port (CP) electrically connected to the first/second SPs, for electrical connection to the actuator, a second CP electrically connected to the first/second MPs, for electrical connection to the actuator, first and second electric protective circuits (EPC). The first EPC is electrically connected between the first/second SPs, and the first CP. The second EPC is electrically connected between the second CP and the first/second MPs. An EPC includes an electrical fuse-device and/or a diode-element connected in series to the respective supply/main ports.

An underwater data center system includes a data center positioned in a water environment, powered by one or more sustainable energy sources. One or more data center nodes are coupled to the data center or included in the data center. A controller is coupled to the one or more data center nodes. A housing member houses the data center node under water. The underwater data center is coupled to a sustainable energy source that provides energy to the underwater data center. One or more cables are coupled to the one or more data center nodes or the sustainable energy source. The system includes an underwater lattice AIoT device.

A wiring system for a vehicle is specified, which has a voltage source and an electrical load, whereby a need for the electrical load depends on an external condition. Furthermore, the wiring system has a load path with an electrical line, which connects the voltage source to the electrical load, and a first switching element, which is arranged in the load path, for disconnecting the electrical load from the voltage source, wherein a working range of the external condition is defined, within which the function of the electrical load is reasonable, and a control unit is arranged, which is designed in such a way that a switching on of the electrical load is prevented if the external condition lies outside the working range. Furthermore, a method for the design of an electrical line of such a wiring system is given.

In some aspects, a method of monitoring a battery system of an industrial vehicle is disclosed. The battery system may include a first string of battery modules including at least two battery modules connected in series; a first contactor connected to a positive end of the first string of battery modules, a second contactor connector to a negative end of the first string of battery modules; a third contactor connected to the first contactor; a fourth contactor connected to the second contactor; and one or more controllers configured to monitor the first contactor and the second contactor. The method may include receiving, at the one or more controllers, an indication of a failure of one of the first contactor and the second contactor; and opening, via the one or more controllers, at least one of the third contactor or the fourth contactor.

A power supply device comprising a group of at least one power supply cell, means for managing the cell group comprising a passive balancing unit of said cells, the device being wherein, during a request to move into long-duration storage mode of the device, the management means are configured to, via the passive balancing unit, discharge the cell group until the cell group reaches a target charge state or a target charge state range, if a charge state of the cell group is greater than the target charge state or the target charge state range.

A power supply system includes: a first in-vehicle unit and a second in-vehicle unit; a first supply line normally supplying electric power from the first power supply unit to the first in-vehicle unit; a second supply line normally supplying electric power from the second power supply unit to the second in-vehicle unit; a crossover line relaying electric from the first supply line to the second supply line to be able to supply electric power under abnormal conditions; a power supply rectifier provided on a second power supply unit side of the relay supply line on the second supply line and configured to pass power to the second in-vehicle unit; a crossover rectifier provided on the crossover line and configured to pass power from the first supply line side to the second supply line; and a relay unit.

A pyro igniter circuit and a method for testing the same is provided. The pyro igniter circuit includes a supervisory circuit configured to: transmit a test signal having a pulse duration time below an igniter activation pulse time of a pyro igniter disconnect element and/or an ignition control signal, in response to the transmitted test signal, has an amplitude below an igniter activation amplitude of the pyro igniter disconnect element; and receive a diagnostic response signal in response to the transmitted test signal.