A mixing apparatus for mixing substances includes a single-use apparatus and a reusable apparatus. The single-use apparatus includes a flexible mixing tank configured to receive the at least two substances to be mixed, is plastic, and has a rotor arranged in the mixing tank. The rotor includes an impeller configured to mix the at least two substances, the impeller being magnetically contactlessly drivable and free of coils and permanent magnets. The reusable apparatus includes a support tank configured to receive the mixing tank and a stator configured to magnetically contactlessly drive the rotor about an axis of rotation in an operating state. The stator includes at least one permanent magnet configured to generate a permanent magnet flux and at least one winding configured to generate an electromagnetic flux, the permanent magnet flux and the electromagnetic flux together being capable of driving the rotor.

A bistable electromagnetic actuator including: a tube; a stator arranged outside of the tube; and a rotor mounted in the tube so as to be displaceable along the longitudinal axis, the rotor at least partially comprises one or more of a paramagnetic and a ferromagnetic material and can be reversibly displaced between a first position and a second position by applying an electromagnetic field; wherein the stator comprises two o ring permanent magnets, a coil for producing the electromagnetic field, and a back-iron element having two stator pole shoes; and the two ring permanent magnets comprise hard magnetic particles that are embedded in a plastic matrix.

System and method for robust sensorless control of permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance (PM-SyR) motor. The system and method includes startup control of a motor with known rotor position/speed, but unknown rotor magnetic polarity of a motor exhibiting rotor magnetic anisotropy or saliency. The system and method includes a rotor characteristic detection method for a PM-SyR motor that detects rotor magnetic polarity based on the variation of the inductance that is caused by the leakage flux paths in the rotor barrier bridges and utilizes the detected rotor magnetic polarity for improved motor startup.

System and method for robust sensorless control of permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance (PM-SyR) motor. The system and method includes startup control of a motor with known rotor position/speed, but unknown rotor magnetic polarity of a motor exhibiting rotor magnetic anisotropy or saliency. The system and method includes a rotor characteristic detection method for a PM-SyR motor that detects rotor magnetic polarity based on the variation of the inductance that is caused by the leakage flux paths in the rotor barrier bridges and utilizes the detected rotor magnetic polarity for improved motor startup.