An aircraft fuel tank inerting system is disclosed. An aircraft fuel tank inerting system may include a paramagnetic pump arranged to apply a magnetic field to a source of gas to provide a motivational force for removing oxygen from said gas. A paramagnetic pump may include a series of magnetic field generating elements configured to provide a sequence of discrete spaced apart magnetic fields. The series of magnetic field generating elements may include a series of spaced apart pairs of magnetic field generating elements. Each spaced apart pair of magnetic field generating elements may be arranged to generate a respective spaced apart magnetic field, of the sequence of discrete spaced apart magnetic fields, across an airspace therebetween.

An aircraft fuel tank inerting system is disclosed. An aircraft fuel tank inerting system may include a paramagnetic pump arranged to apply a magnetic field to a source of gas to provide a motivational force for removing oxygen from said gas. A paramagnetic pump may include a series of magnetic field generating elements configured to provide a sequence of discrete spaced apart magnetic fields. The series of magnetic field generating elements may include a series of spaced apart pairs of magnetic field generating elements. Each spaced apart pair of magnetic field generating elements may be arranged to generate a respective spaced apart magnetic field, of the sequence of discrete spaced apart magnetic fields, across an airspace therebetween.

The present invention relates to a device exploiting magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) for localized delivery of material into a target or extraction of material from a target. The device includes a frame (101) comprising a space (102) for conductive fluid and the material, at least one pair of electrodes (103A, 103B) facing each other, a source of electric current (105), a magnet (105), and an opening (106). The electric current and the magnetic field are synchronized so that the material can be moved from the volume between the electrodes through the opening towards the target or from the target through the opening towards the volume. According to the invention the volume is 2000 mm.sup.3, in proviso that mean distance between tips of the electrodes is 20 mm.

The present invention relates to a device exploiting magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) for localized delivery of material into a target or extraction of material from a target. The device includes a frame (101) comprising a space (102) for conductive fluid and the material, at least one pair of electrodes (103A, 103B) facing each other, a source of electric current (105), a magnet (105), and an opening (106). The electric current and the magnetic field are synchronized so that the material can be moved from the volume between the electrodes through the opening towards the target or from the target through the opening towards the volume. According to the invention the volume is 2000 mm.sup.3, in proviso that mean distance between tips of the electrodes is 20 mm.

A blower including a duct configured to allow air to flow in and out and a plurality of blades disposed to be parallel to the duct. Each of the blades including a first part, a second part, and an airflow generator configured to generate airflow in a direction from the inlet to the outlet by applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode which are disposed between a first electrode on a side of the inlet, a second electrode on a side of the outlet, and a dielectric. In a cross section of the blade in the airflow direction when cut in a cross section perpendicular to each of the blades, the first part has a thickness decreasing in a direction toward the inlet and the second part has a thickness decreasing in a direction toward the outlet.

A method of operating a drive circuit for parallel electric motors is provided. The method includes receiving measurements of stator phase currents in the parallel electric motors. The method includes selecting a target PM motor, from among the parallel electric motors, that generates a largest torque output. The method includes executing a vector control algorithm to generate a complex command voltage vector for the target PM motor. The method includes generating and transmitting a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal based on the complex command voltage vector for controlling an inverter. The method includes operating the inverter according to the PWM signal to supply three-phase alternating current (AC) power to the parallel electric motors.

A method of operating a drive circuit for parallel electric motors is provided. The method includes receiving measurements of stator phase currents in the parallel electric motors. The method includes selecting a target PM motor, from among the parallel electric motors, that generates a largest torque output. The method includes executing a vector control algorithm to generate a complex command voltage vector for the target PM motor. The method includes generating and transmitting a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal based on the complex command voltage vector for controlling an inverter. The method includes operating the inverter according to the PWM signal to supply three-phase alternating current (AC) power to the parallel electric motors.

An electromagnetic induction pump includes a tubular internal inductor having internal combs and internal coils between teeth of the internal combs. The inside of the internal inductor forms a cavity. An internal tube is positioned around the internal inductor. A pumping canal allows circulation of a fluid. The canal is between the internal tube and external tube. A tubular external inductor is positioned around the external tube and includes external combs and external coils positioned between teeth of the external combs. An electromagnetic pump includes a movement device for moving the internal combs, and varies the radial clearance between the internal combs and internal tube, having a first part positioned inside the internal inductor and in connection with the internal combs to move them radially, and a second part extending at least partially outside of the internal inductor and connected to the first part to control the first part.

An electromagnetic induction pump includes a tubular internal inductor having internal combs and internal coils between teeth of the internal combs. The inside of the internal inductor forms a cavity. An internal tube is positioned around the internal inductor. A pumping canal allows circulation of a fluid. The canal is between the internal tube and external tube. A tubular external inductor is positioned around the external tube and includes external combs and external coils positioned between teeth of the external combs. An electromagnetic pump includes a movement device for moving the internal combs, and varies the radial clearance between the internal combs and internal tube, having a first part positioned inside the internal inductor and in connection with the internal combs to move them radially, and a second part extending at least partially outside of the internal inductor and connected to the first part to control the first part.

A method to operate an apparatus for feeding liquid metal to an evaporator device in a vacuum chamber, wherein the feed tube runs from a container adapted to contain a liquid metal to the evaporator device and wherein an electromagnetic pump is provided in the feed tube and a valve in the feed tube between the electromagnetic pump and the evaporator device. An at least partially gas permeable electromagnetic pump, which is enclosed in a pressure controlled enclosure, is used in the method wherein electromagnetic pump and the pressure controlled enclosure are controlled such that filling and draining of the evaporator device and feed tube can be done without affecting the vacuum pressure in the vacuum chamber.