A system for transforming energy, the system including a spaced-apart pair of first magnets disposed along a first axis; a reciprocator including a support; a shaft disposed on the support; a pair of second magnets, each disposed on one end of the shaft, the pair of second magnets further disposed along a second axis within the spaced-apart pair of first magnets such that each the second magnet is configured to interface with one of the pair of first magnets in a magnetic field interaction, the second axis is coaxially disposed with respect to the first axis, the magnetic field interaction is dependent upon a distance along the first axis between a second magnet and a first magnet with which the second magnet interacts; and a pair of shields, a shield positioner for positioning the pair of shields and an input receiver for motivating the shield positioner.

The present invention relates to a device for generating a variable angular momentum or torque, which has a container (1) partially filled with a magnetizable fluid (2) and a device for generating one or several rotating or wandering magnetic fields, with which the magnetizable fluid (2) in the container (1) can be made to continuously move on a closed orbit. The device for generating the rotating or wandering magnetic fields has several electric coils (4), whose coil axes lie in the orbital plane. This structure makes it possible to generate a variable angular momentum without mechanical moved parts or the necessity of external magnetic fields. For example, the device enables a simple and cost-effective spacecraft attitude control.

An electrically-powered device, structure and/or component is provided that includes an attached autonomous electrical power source in a form of a unique, environmentally-friendly structure that is configured to transform thermal energy at any temperature above absolute zero to an electric potential without any external stimulus including physical movement or deformation energy. The autonomous electrical power source component provides a mechanism for generating renewable energy, or a renewable energy supplement, as primary or auxiliary power for the electrically-powered device, structure and/or component. The autonomous electrical power source component is formed of one or more elements, each of which includes a first conductor having a surface with a comparatively low work function, a second conductor having a surface with the comparatively high work function and a dielectric layer on a scale of 200 nm or less interposed between the conductors.

A circuit for generating electrical energy is disclosed. The circuit uses a pulse generator in combination with a conductor. Waste heat can be converted to usable energy due to a cooling effect of the circuit on the conductor. A resultant energy applied to a load is larger than the energy supplied by the pulse generator due to the absorption of external energy by the conductor.

A self-propelling method includes providing an impulse to a first magnet, the first magnet having angular momentum about a first point subsequent to the impulse, and inducing a change in angular momentum of a second magnet in response to magnetic attraction with the first magnet, the second magnet rotating about a second point, so that the first and second magnets are rotatably coupled to a rigid vehicle platform at the first and second points, and the inducing a change in angular momentum of the second magnet results in a transferred linear impulse of rigid vehicle platform in a first direction.

A rotating mechanism which includes a rail of a helical shape formed to be of uniform diameter, a column member disposed at an inner side of the rail, a rotating shaft inserted through and fixed at a center of the column member, a moving body attachable to the rail, and a magnet body disposed slightly separated from the column member.

An apparatus can comprise a DC power supply to generate a DC electrical signal, a pulse generator to generate an electrical pulse, and an electrical element. The pulse generator and the DC power supply can be electrically coupled together. The electrical element can receive the DC electrical signal and the electrical pulse. The electrical element can generate a magnetic field in response to receiving the DC electrical signal and cool in response to receiving the electrical pulse.

A circuit for cooling is disclosed. The circuit uses a pulse generator in combination with a conductor. A cooling effect of the circuit on the conductor can be used and can be used in conjunction with a Carnot or Stirling engine. A resultant energy applied to a load is larger than the energy supplied by the pulse generator due to the absorption of external energy by the conductor.

Described herein are devices incorporating Casimir cavities, which modify the quantum vacuum mode distribution within the cavities. The Casimir cavities can drive charge carriers from or to an electronic device disposed adjacent to or contiguous with the Casimir cavity by modifying the quantum vacuum mode distribution incident on one side of the electronic device to be different from the quantum vacuum mode distribution incident on the other side of the electronic device. The electronic device can exhibit a structure that permits transport or capture of hot carriers in very short time intervals, such as in 1 picosecond or less.

A body force per unit mass acting on mobile charge carriers within a first electrically conducting material is configured to induce at least one region of accumulation of charge within at least a portion of the first material. The magnitude of the associated change in the voltage between two given points within the first material is a function of the relevant electrical properties of the material. A second electrically conducting material can be electrically coupled to the first material via a first electrical contact. The relevant electrical properties of the second material can be configured to be different to the relevant electrical properties of the first material. The voltage difference between the two points in the first material can be different to the voltage difference between two equivalent points in the second material. The difference in the voltage difference can be employed to increase the voltage of mobile charge carriers within a portion of an open or closed electrical circuit relative to another portion of said circuit. A voltage conversion apparatus and method can be used to convert thermal energy into electrical energy, for example.