A rotation speed regulation system for an electric tool switch includes a controller, a resistance regulating copper foil electrically connected to the controller, and a resistance regulating reed matched with the resistance regulating copper foil. The resistance regulating copper foil includes a first foil and a second foil separated from each other. The first foil is an intact long strip foil. The second foil includes a plurality of short-circuit gold fingers arranged at equal intervals in the middle part and a full-resistance foil and a zero-resistance foil at both ends. The width of the short-circuit gold finger is 0.27 mm, and the distance between two adjacent short-circuit gold fingers is 0.2 mm. An inclination angle α is formed between the short-circuit gold finger and the sliding direction of the resistance regulating contact end, α is 107°-110° and the length L of the contact strip is 2.3-2.9 mm.

A rotation speed regulation system for an electric tool switch includes a controller, a resistance regulating copper foil electrically connected to the controller, and a resistance regulating reed matched with the resistance regulating copper foil. The resistance regulating copper foil includes a first foil and a second foil separated from each other. The first foil is an intact long strip foil. The second foil includes a plurality of short-circuit gold fingers arranged at equal intervals in the middle part and a full-resistance foil and a zero-resistance foil at both ends. The width of the short-circuit gold finger is 0.27 mm, and the distance between two adjacent short-circuit gold fingers is 0.2 mm. An inclination angle α is formed between the short-circuit gold finger and the sliding direction of the resistance regulating contact end, α is 107°-110° and the length L of the contact strip is 2.3-2.9 mm.

An image forming apparatus includes a print engine, a DC motor, a driving circuit, and a processor. The print engine forms an image. The DC motor drives the print engine. The driving circuit provides a current to the DC motor, and senses a variation of the current provided to the DC motor. The processor calculates a temperature of the DC motor based on the variation of the current flowing through the DC motor, and controls an operation of the image forming apparatus based on the calculated temperature.

A sound generating apparatus for a vehicle includes: a motor controller that generates a motor torque corresponding to a target sound; and an output device that outputs the target sound based on vibration generated by the motor torque to generate a sound of the vehicle without requiring an external amplifier or a separate actuator, thus preventing increases in cost and weight.

A sound generating apparatus for a vehicle includes: a motor controller that generates a motor torque corresponding to a target sound; and an output device that outputs the target sound based on vibration generated by the motor torque to generate a sound of the vehicle without requiring an external amplifier or a separate actuator, thus preventing increases in cost and weight.

Driver circuits are provided in correspondence to switching elements of an inverter to output gate signals to the switching elements and built in an IC package in an abnormality detection device (ECU). Motor relays are provided in motor current paths between inter-arm connection points and multi-phase motor windings. Pull-up resistors connect a power supply line and the inter-arm connection points. Pull-down resistors connect the inter-arm connection points and the ground. A checking unit acquires a voltage corresponding to a voltage of each inter-arm connection point as a terminal voltage and checks a short-circuit failure or an open-circuit failure of each motor relay or a disconnection failure of each winding based on the terminal voltage. The pull-up resistors and the pull-down resistors are provided within the IC package in which the driver circuits are built.

A surgical system including a surgical tool and a navigation system for tracking the position of the surgical tool. The surgical tool comprising a housing including a variable speed motor and control module disposed within the housing. The navigation system comprising a navigation console in communication with the control module of the surgical tool, the navigation console may be configured to communicate instructions to the control module of the surgical tool based on the position of the surgical tool relative to a defined zone. The navigation console may be configured to deactivate the surgical tool based on the position of the surgical tool relative to the defined zone. The navigation console may also be configured to provide a user-selectable override option to allow continued operation of the surgical tool within the defined zone.

A surgical system including a surgical tool and a navigation system for tracking the position of the surgical tool. The surgical tool comprising a housing including a variable speed motor and control module disposed within the housing. The navigation system comprising a navigation console in communication with the control module of the surgical tool, the navigation console may be configured to communicate instructions to the control module of the surgical tool based on the position of the surgical tool relative to a defined zone. The navigation console may be configured to deactivate the surgical tool based on the position of the surgical tool relative to the defined zone. The navigation console may also be configured to provide a user-selectable override option to allow continued operation of the surgical tool within the defined zone.

An arc quenching device, which is highly reliable, small-sized, and inexpensive, includes: a semiconductor switch connected in parallel to a first switch which is mechanical; a constant voltage circuit configured to use a voltage which is generated between both contact points of the first switch to output a voltage which causes the semiconductor switch to turn on; and a second timer circuit configured to cause the semiconductor switch to turn off after a predetermined time has elapsed since the semiconductor switch turned on.

An arc quenching device, which is highly reliable, small-sized, and inexpensive, includes: a semiconductor switch connected in parallel to a first switch which is mechanical; a constant voltage circuit configured to use a voltage which is generated between both contact points of the first switch to output a voltage which causes the semiconductor switch to turn on; and a second timer circuit configured to cause the semiconductor switch to turn off after a predetermined time has elapsed since the semiconductor switch turned on.