A monitoring module, an X-ray diffraction apparatus and a monitoring system capable of guaranteeing driving at a constant speed and maintaining traceability of each measurement are provided. A monitoring module for monitoring an operation of a stepping motor used in an X-ray diffraction apparatus, comprises a detection section for detecting a specific rotational position of a stepping motor and generating a detection signal, a measurement section for measuring a time interval of the detection signal, a determination section for determining whether or not a measurement value corresponding to the time interval of the detection signal coincides with a reference value corresponding to a rotation time between the specific rotational positions determined based on an operation instruction to the stepping motor and an information transmitting section for transmitting operation abnormality information to an outside when the measurement value does not coincide with the reference value.

A control method for an electric motor, an electric motor, and a computer-readable storage medium are provided. According to the method, in a current control cycle, a first theoretical sector corresponding to a voltage vector of an electric motor is determined; in the previous control cycle of the current control cycle, a first sector corresponding to the voltage vector is obtained; a target control cycle in multiple historical control cycles which precede the current control cycle is determined, and an interval duration between the target control cycle and the current control cycle is determined; a target sector corresponding to the voltage vector in the current control cycle based on the first theoretical sector, the first sector, and the interval duration is determined; and a corresponding driving signal based on the target sector is generated, and the electric motor is driven to operate based on the driving signal.

A control method for a stepping motor of a thermal printer of the present application includes the following steps: in a starting stage of the thermal printer, transmitting a square wave control signal to the stepping motor; in a starting process, using the square wave control signal and switching to square wave control with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for outputting in a case of accelerating to the maximum set speed according to an accelerometer; in a normal printing process, according to changes in a printing rate, adaptively dynamically adjusting a printing speed. In a motor deceleration process, the duty cycle of the motor inner-loop PWM control is unchanged. The square wave control and the square wave with the PWM are used for switching control or combining control according to different stages of work.

Control over the operation of a dimmable light is supported by an interface circuit between the dimmable light and a near-field radio frequency communication controller. The interface circuit includes a first circuit that receives at least one control set point through a near-field radio frequency communication issued by the near-field radio frequency communication controller. A second circuit of the interface generates one or more electric signals in pulse width modulation based on the control set point.

A high-integrity electromechanical actuator control system includes a system function controller, a plurality of actuator controllers, and at least one electromechanical actuator. Each actuator controller includes a primary channel having a first controller, a second controller, and a duty cycle computation circuit, and includes a backup channel having a backup controller. The first controller receives digital actuator control commands from two functional control channels and supplies first digital duty cycle commands. The second controller receives digital actuator control commands from two functional control channels and supplies second digital duty cycle commands. The duty cycle computation circuit computes an average of the first and second duty cycle commands and generates pulse width modulated (PWM) commutation control signals based on the computed average. The backup controller receives digital actuator control commands from two different functional control channels and generates and supplies backup PWM commutation control signals.

A motor starting control method, device, and system, the method including: accumulating electrical parameter to obtain accumulated electrical parameter values, which are alternately assigned to a direct-axis electrical parameter and quadrature-axis electrical parameter; accumulating an angular increment to obtain accumulated values of a forced-driving angle; generating a control signal for a motor based on real-time values of the direct-axis electric parameter, quadrature-axis electrical parameter, and forced-driving angle; the control signal drives the motor; repeating said steps until the direct-axis electrical parameter or the quadrature-axis electrical parameter reaches a target electrical parameter, and then continuing accumulating to obtain the accumulated values of the forced-driving angle while forcibly driving the motor based on the corresponding control signal; when the real-time value of the forced-driving angle stays in sync with the rotor angle, the motor completes the startup; the motor is driven by alternately applying two perpendicular forces to the rotor.

A circuit for vector control includes a shifting pattern selector, a shifting signal generator, and driver circuitry. The shifting pattern selector is configured to select, based on a hysteresis value, an angle of a current voltage reference, and an angle of a previous voltage reference, a first shifting pattern from a plurality of shifting pattern. The shifting signal generator is configured to generate, based on the selection of the first shifting pattern and the current voltage reference, a first pulse modulated signal for a first phase and a second pulse modulated signal for a second phase. The driver circuitry is configured to control switching circuitry to generate, based on the first pulse modulated signal, a first phase signal for the first phase and to generate, based on the second pulse modulated signal, a second phase signal for the second phase.

A brushless electric motor includes: a stator core, which includes Z tooth groups spaced apart from each other in a first circumferential direction; a rotor, which includes a magnetic ring having P poles, P being an even number; and X phase conductors, which are wound on the tooth groups to form coils, where X2, and Z=PX, wherein in the same phase conductor, the coils on two adjacent tooth groups have opposite winding directions in a second circumferential direction of the tooth groups, and are spaced apart by X1 tooth groups.