An oscillator includes: a base substrate having a first electrode; a temperature control element mounted on the base substrate and having a first pad electrically coupled to the first electrode; a resonator element having a first major surface and a second major surface in front-back relation with the first major surface, and mounted on the temperature control element in such a way that the second major surface faces the temperature control element; and at least one first bonding wire coupling the first major surface and the first pad together.

Differential electro-mechanical oscillating circuits are described. These circuits may be used in a variety of contexts to produce differential oscillating signals, such as sine waves or square waves. A switched capacitor circuit (SCC) is used to prevent low-frequency locking, whereby the output of the resonator would otherwise lock to a constant value. More specifically, the SCC provides an impedance in parallel to the resonator between the output terminals of oscillating circuit. The SCC is designed so that, at low frequencies, its impedance is lower than the impedance of the resonator. The presence of such an impedance prevents the formation of an open circuit between the output terminals, thus maintaining the oscillating circuit in the oscillation mode. The differential electro-mechanical oscillating circuits described herein may be used to produce clock signals or otherwise to produce periodic reference signals.

Differential electro-mechanical oscillating circuits are described. These circuits may be used in a variety of contexts to produce differential oscillating signals, such as sine waves or square waves. A switched capacitor circuit (SCC) is used to prevent low-frequency locking, whereby the output of the resonator would otherwise lock to a constant value. More specifically, the SCC provides an impedance in parallel to the resonator between the output terminals of oscillating circuit. The SCC is designed so that, at low frequencies, its impedance is lower than the impedance of the resonator. The presence of such an impedance prevents the formation of an open circuit between the output terminals, thus maintaining the oscillating circuit in the oscillation mode. The differential electro-mechanical oscillating circuits described herein may be used to produce clock signals or otherwise to produce periodic reference signals.

An oscillator generates a radio frequency (RF) output signal having high phase shift versus frequency characteristics close to a desired output frequency of the oscillator. The oscillator includes a resonator having a resonant frequency that is substantially the same as the desired output frequency of the oscillator, where the resonator provides a reflected signal; a resistor connected to one port of the resonator, another port of the resonator being connected to ground; an amplifier configured to receive the reflected signal from the resonator and to output an amplified reflected signal as the RF output signal; and a circulator having a first port connected to the resonator via the resistor, a second port connected to an input of the amplifier, and a third port connected to an output of the amplifier such that the amplified reflected signal is input back to the resonator.

An oscillator generates a radio frequency (RF) output signal having high phase shift versus frequency characteristics close to a desired output frequency of the oscillator. The oscillator includes a resonator having a resonant frequency that is substantially the same as the desired output frequency of the oscillator, where the resonator provides a reflected signal; a resistor connected to one port of the resonator, another port of the resonator being connected to ground; an amplifier configured to receive the reflected signal from the resonator and to output an amplified reflected signal as the RF output signal; and a circulator having a first port connected to the resonator via the resistor, a second port connected to an input of the amplifier, and a third port connected to an output of the amplifier such that the amplified reflected signal is input back to the resonator.

A remote temperature measurement system for a gas turbine engine includes an optical emitter/receiver in communication with the control system and a probe system embedded within a component of the gas turbine engine, the probe system within a line-of-sight of the optical emitter/receiver, the control system operable to determine a local temperature of the component in response to optical communication with the probe system.

A crystal oscillator circuit comprises: a crystal oscillator; and an injection frequency generating circuit, the injection frequency generating circuit being configured to sense a signal of the crystal oscillator and amplify the sensed signal, the injection frequency generating circuit being further configured to inject the amplified signal to the crystal oscillator; wherein the crystal oscillator circuit is configured such that the crystal oscillator receives the amplified signal during an initial start-up period of the crystal oscillator and stops receiving the amplified signal at an end of the initial start-up period.

Differential electro-mechanical oscillating circuits are described. These circuits may be used in a variety of contexts to produce differential oscillating signals, such as sine waves or square waves. A switched capacitor circuit (SCC) is used to prevent low-frequency locking, whereby the output of the resonator would otherwise lock to a constant value. More specifically, the SCC provides an impedance in parallel to the resonator between the output terminals of oscillating circuit. The SCC is designed so that, at low frequencies, its impedance is lower than the impedance of the resonator. The presence of such an impedance prevents the formation of an open circuit between the output terminals, thus maintaining the oscillating circuit in the oscillation mode. The differential electro-mechanical oscillating circuits described herein may be used to produce clock signals or otherwise to produce periodic reference signals.

Differential electro-mechanical oscillating circuits are described. These circuits may be used in a variety of contexts to produce differential oscillating signals, such as sine waves or square waves. A switched capacitor circuit (SCC) is used to prevent low-frequency locking, whereby the output of the resonator would otherwise lock to a constant value. More specifically, the SCC provides an impedance in parallel to the resonator between the output terminals of oscillating circuit. The SCC is designed so that, at low frequencies, its impedance is lower than the impedance of the resonator. The presence of such an impedance prevents the formation of an open circuit between the output terminals, thus maintaining the oscillating circuit in the oscillation mode. The differential electro-mechanical oscillating circuits described herein may be used to produce clock signals or otherwise to produce periodic reference signals.

A semiconductor device includes a first high resistance pattern and a second high resistance pattern that are disposed along an X axis and are separated from each other, a coupling pattern that couples the first high resistance pattern and the second high resistance pattern, and a signal wiring disposed at a layer above the first high resistance pattern, the second high resistance pattern, and the coupling pattern. The coupling pattern includes a first portion that overlaps an end portion of the first high resistance pattern in a plan view at the layer above the first high resistance pattern, the coupling pattern includes a second portion that overlaps an end portion of the second high resistance pattern in a plan view at a layer above the second high resistance pattern, and the signal wiring is disposed along a Y axis that intersects the X axis in a plan view between an end of the coupling pattern at the first portion side and an end of the coupling pattern at the second portion side.