In a preamplifier (amplifier) for the radiation detector, an interconnection layer connected to the bonding pad forms one electrode of a feedback capacitor. Since there is no wiring for connecting the bonding pad and capacitor, a parasitic capacitance caused by the wiring will not be generated. Moreover, the capacitor is arranged below the bonding pad with a conductive layer serving as the other electrode, so that the feedback capacitance of the capacitor is included in the parasitic capacitance between the interconnection layer and the substrate. Compared to the conventional case, an amount of capacitance corresponding to the parasitic capacitance caused by wiring and the feedback capacitance for the capacitor is reduced from the input capacitance. Thus, the input capacitance for the amplifying circuit is reduced.

An apparatus of processing a signal or a biosignal, and a method of processing a signal or a biosignal are provided. The method of processing signal involves receiving a first reference signal having a frequency component of a measurement signal to be applied to a subject, receiving a second reference signal having a frequency component within a frequency bandwidth of an amplifier, and converting a first signal measured from the subject to a second signal within the frequency bandwidth of the amplifier, based on the first reference signal and the second reference signal.

A device for measuring current by means of integration, includes a first operational amplifier connected as an integrator, and a second operational amplifier connected as an original current generator which can compensate for leakage current in the circuit measurement state and reset the Q0 charge of the integration capacitor in the reset state.

An input circuitry for receiving electrode signals comprises: a plurality of channels for providing a multiplexed electrode signal input, each channel comprising a multiplexing switch for selecting one channel at a time, and an input transistor configured to be connected to an electrode, wherein the input transistor is configured to receive an electrode signal at a gate; and a reference input transistor, which is configured to be connected to a reference voltage at a gate; wherein an electrode signal received at a selected channel together with the reference voltage form input signals to an instrumentation amplifier; wherein the input circuitry is configured such that the input transistor of the selected channel forms part of a first flipped voltage follower and the reference input transistor forms part of a second flipped voltage follower.

A sensor offset voltage compensation circuit includes a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) having an input loop configured to receive the signal output by a sensor (e.g., a voltage generated a sensor resistive bridge of a pressure sensor) and an output loop configured to furnish an output signal having a voltage that is greater than the input voltage. An offset compensation voltage is applied to at least one of the input loop or the output loop of the PGA to at least substantially cancel the zero-quantity offset voltage of the sensor from the output voltage.

The present disclosure relates to a device comprising two error amplifier stages having their first inputs interconnected, their second inputs interconnected and their outputs coupled to an output of the device, each stage comprising an operational amplifier; a circuit for calibrating the amplifier; a switch coupling an input of the amplifier to the first input; a switch coupling another input of the amplifier to the second input; a switch coupling an output of the amplifier to the stage output; a switch having on state which short-circuits the inputs of the amplifier; and a switch coupling the output of the amplifier to the calibration circuit.

Mechanisms are provided to implement an intraoral control mechanism that allows a user to control an operation of a computer system or an electronic device. The intraoral control mechanism detects a strain based on a tongue of a user moving a control mechanism away from a fixed position; transduces the detected strain into a control signal; amplifies an amplitude of the control signal thereby producing an amplified control signal; converts the amplified control signal to a digital input signal; modulates the digital input signal onto a transmission frequency wave; and transmits the digital input signal to the computer system. The computer system may then either execute the digital control signal on the computer system itself to perform an operation or transmit the digital control signal to the electronic device so as to operate as indicated by the digital control signal. The digital input signal is saved for characterization of the user.

A complex current measurement circuit for a guard-sense capacitive sensor includes a periodic signal voltage source, a differential transimpedance amplifier circuit (DTA) and a demultiplexer circuit (DMX). At least one sense antenna electrode of the capacitive sensor is electrically connectable to a signal input line of the DMX which has signal output lines electrically connected to differential signal input lines of the DTA. The DTA includes operational amplifiers having input ports each electrically connected to one of the signal output lines. For each differential signal input line, either a capacitor is electrically connected between an output port of the voltage source and the differential signal input line, wherein an impedance of the capacitor is close to zero Ohm, or a galvanic connection is provided to one of the signal output lines. An output signal provided by the DTA is usable for determining a complex sense current of the capacitive sensor.

System and apparatus for measuring biopotential and implementation thereof. A device for mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI) thereby increasing signal-to-noise ratio is disclosed. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to an elegant, novel circuit for measuring a plurality of biopotentials in useful in a variety of medical applications. This allows for robust, portable, low-power, higher S/N devices which have historically required a much bigger footprint.

A multipurpose front-end board for solid state sensors is described. In particular, the board is optimized for fast timing particle detection or for characterization and test of silicon and diamond detectors that produce a fast but small current signal at the passage of a particle. The multipurpose front-end board includes a sensor pad configured to receive a solid state sensor to be characterized, distribute a bias potential, and read out the current signal produced by the sensor. The board also includes an amplifier configured to read out the current signal from the sensor pad and convert the current signal to an output voltage signal and a discriminator configured to receive the output voltage signal from the amplifier. A threshold voltage of the discriminator can be controlled by a potentiometer, and the board includes at least one output port to provide data for characterization of the sensor.