A method, apparatus, and system for measuring and analyzing the effects of dynamics modifying processors on a signal. This new approach utilizes statistical analysis techniques to provide a direct comparison and evaluation between the processed signal and the unprocessed signal's dynamic characteristics. The method identifies and quantifies Effective Dynamic Range, Clip Tolerance, Lower Limit Tolerance, Crest Factor, and Diminuendo Factor, using either peak or r.m.s values. In an alternative embodiment, the invention allows for user adjustment and control of the relative relationship of Crest Factor and Diminuendo Factor, which the user may perceive as loudness.

A method, apparatus, and system for measuring and analyzing the effects of dynamics modifying processors on a signal. This new approach utilizes statistical analysis techniques to provide a direct comparison and evaluation between the processed signal and the unprocessed signal's dynamic characteristics. The method identifies and quantifies Effective Dynamic Range, Clip Tolerance, Lower Limit Tolerance, Crest Factor, and Diminuendo Factor, using either peak or r.m.s values. In an alternative embodiment, the invention allows for user adjustment and control of the relative relationship of Crest Factor and Diminuendo Factor, which the user may perceive as loudness.

A sound signal processing apparatus includes: first amplifier which amplifies a sound signal, depending on an input level of the sound signal; and second amplifier which amplifies with a gain the sound signal amplified by first amplifier. Second amplifier automatically decreases the gain when a level of the sound signal is greater than an upper limit threshold, and second amplifier automatically increases the gain when the level of the sound signal is lower than the upper limit threshold and when the gain is lower than a predetermined value. When second amplifier increases the gain, second amplifier changes the gain at a first speed when a user has performed an operation to decrease the input level, and second amplifier changes the gain at a second speed lower than the first speed when the user has not performed the operation to decrease the input level.

A signal processing apparatus includes a level adjuster adjusting a level of an input signal, and a setter calculating an electric charge estimate value being a value obtained by estimating an electric charge amount of a charging and discharging element based on the charging and discharging element to which a predetermined electric charge is supplied and in which the electric charge is held and the electric charge supplied to the charging and discharging element and setting an adjustment coefficient of the level adjuster based on the electric charge estimate value.

A signal processing apparatus includes a level adjuster adjusting a level of an input signal, and a setter calculating an electric charge estimate value being a value obtained by estimating an electric charge amount of a charging and discharging element based on the charging and discharging element to which a predetermined electric charge is supplied and in which the electric charge is held and the electric charge supplied to the charging and discharging element and setting an adjustment coefficient of the level adjuster based on the electric charge estimate value.

A method of estimating diaphragm excursion of an electrodynamic loudspeaker may be performed using audio signals. An audio output signal may be applied to a voice coil of the electrodynamic loudspeaker through an output amplifier to produce sound. A detected voice coil current and a determined voice coil voltage may be applied to a linear adaptive digital loudspeaker model that has a plurality of adaptive loudspeaker parameters. The parameter values of the adaptive loudspeaker parameters may be computed based on the linear adaptive digital loudspeaker model and applied to a non-linear state-space model of the electrodynamic loudspeaker. For the non-linear state-space model, a predetermined non-linear function may be applied to at least one of the plurality of received parameter values to compute at least one non-linearity compensated parameter value of the adaptive loudspeaker parameters, to determine an instantaneous excursion of the diaphragm.

An audio peak limiter apparatus which calculates a smoothed sequence of gains for application to a sequence of blocks of samples of an audio signal. The apparatus sometimes calculates a candidate gain, to replace a too-large smoothed gain, such that applying the candidate gain would produce no scaled sample whose magnitude exceeds a predetermined limit. The apparatus sometimes calculates and stores a final gain to replace the too-large smoothed gain (where the final gain can be obtained e.g. by dividing the to-be-replaced smoothed gain by a prior smoothed gain and multiplying the result by the corresponding prior final gain), if it is determined that the candidate gain is not less than the immediately previous final gain.

An audio peak limiter apparatus which calculates a smoothed sequence of gains for application to a sequence of blocks of samples of an audio signal. The apparatus sometimes calculates a candidate gain, to replace a too-large smoothed gain, such that applying the candidate gain would produce no scaled sample whose magnitude exceeds a predetermined limit. The apparatus sometimes calculates and stores a final gain to replace the too-large smoothed gain (where the final gain can be obtained e.g. by dividing the to-be-replaced smoothed gain by a prior smoothed gain and multiplying the result by the corresponding prior final gain), if it is determined that the candidate gain is not less than the immediately previous final gain.

An audio peak limiter apparatus which calculates a smoothed sequence of gains for application to a sequence of blocks of samples of an audio signal. The apparatus sometimes calculates a candidate gain, to replace a too-large smoothed gain, such that applying the candidate gain would produce no scaled sample whose magnitude exceeds a predetermined limit. The apparatus sometimes calculates and stores a final gain to replace the too-large smoothed gain (where the final gain can be obtained e.g. by dividing the to-be-replaced smoothed gain by a prior smoothed gain and multiplying the result by the corresponding prior final gain), if it is determined that the candidate gain is not less than the immediately previous final gain.

An audio peak limiter apparatus which calculates a smoothed sequence of gains for application to a sequence of blocks of samples of an audio signal. The apparatus sometimes calculates a candidate gain, to replace a too-large smoothed gain, such that applying the candidate gain would produce no scaled sample whose magnitude exceeds a predetermined limit. The apparatus sometimes calculates and stores a final gain to replace the too-large smoothed gain (where the final gain can be obtained e.g. by dividing the to-be-replaced smoothed gain by a prior smoothed gain and multiplying the result by the corresponding prior final gain), if it is determined that the candidate gain is not less than the immediately previous final gain.