A microwave generator includes a power supply, an output circuit, a feedback oscillator, a pulse controller, a signal combination circuit and a semiconductor amplifier. The power supply converts input voltage and input current into output voltage and output current. The output circuit generates a microwave signal to an output terminal of the microwave generator and a feedback signal according to the microwave signal. The feedback oscillator generates an oscillation signal according to the feedback signal. According to a reference signal, the pulse controller generates a pulse signal. According to the oscillation signal and pulse signal, the signal combination circuit generates a control signal. The semiconductor amplifier generates and adjusts an amplified signal according to the control signal. The output circuit generates the microwave signal according to the amplified signal. The output current is adjusted according to the amplified signal. Consequently, the input current and the input voltage are in phase.

A microwave generator includes a power supply, an output circuit, a feedback oscillator, a pulse controller, a signal combination circuit and a semiconductor amplifier. The power supply converts input voltage and input current into output voltage and output current. The output circuit generates a microwave signal to an output terminal of the microwave generator and a feedback signal according to the microwave signal. The feedback oscillator generates an oscillation signal according to the feedback signal. According to a reference signal, the pulse controller generates a pulse signal. According to the oscillation signal and pulse signal, the signal combination circuit generates a control signal. The semiconductor amplifier generates and adjusts an amplified signal according to the control signal. The output circuit generates the microwave signal according to the amplified signal. The output current is adjusted according to the amplified signal. Consequently, the input current and the input voltage are in phase.

Linearity of a PAM-4 voltage-mode driver is improved using current compensation. The driver receives a first input data signal having a first logic level and a second input data signal having a second logic level. In an additive current mode, when the first logic level matches the second logic level, the driver uses switch circuitry to form an auxiliary current path through which supplementary current (I_Supplementary) flows from a voltage regulator. In a primary current mode, when the first logic level does not match the second logic level, the driver uses the switch circuitry to break the auxiliary current path, thereby preventing the supplementary current (I_Supplementary) from flowing from the voltage regulator.

Linearity of a PAM-4 voltage-mode driver is improved using current compensation. The driver receives a first input data signal having a first logic level and a second input data signal having a second logic level. In an additive current mode, when the first logic level matches the second logic level, the driver uses switch circuitry to form an auxiliary current path through which supplementary current (I_Supplementary) flows from a voltage regulator. In a primary current mode, when the first logic level does not match the second logic level, the driver uses the switch circuitry to break the auxiliary current path, thereby preventing the supplementary current (I_Supplementary) from flowing from the voltage regulator.

In a PAM-N receiver, sampler reference levels, DC offset and AFE gain may be jointly adapted to achieve optimal or near-optimal boundaries for the symbol decisions of the PAM-N signal. For reference level adaptation, the hamming distances between two consecutive data samples and their in-between edge sample are evaluated. Reference levels for symbol decisions are adjusted accordingly such that on a data transition, an edge sample has on average, equal hamming distance to its adjacent data samples. DC offset may be compensated to ensure detectable data transitions for reference level adaptation. AFE gains may be jointly adapted with sampler reference levels such that the difference between a reference level and a pre-determined target voltage is minimized.

A system and method for generating a plurality of short RF pulses. The system and method comprises a first circuit comprising a first power supply and a plurality of first networks for generating a first output signal in a form of a high voltage pedestal pulse supplied to a common node, and a second circuit comprising a second power supply and a plurality of second networks for generating a second output signal in a form of a high voltage short pulse which is supplied to the common node. The pedestal pulse passes through a blocking inductor before being combined with the short pulse at the common node, and the short pulse is stacked on top of the pedestal pulse to form a combined high voltage pulse. A low frequency magnetron is coupled to the common node for receiving the stacked combined high voltage pulse and generating a short RF pulse.

A system and method for generating a plurality of short RF pulses. The system and method comprises a first circuit comprising a first power supply and a plurality of first networks for generating a first output signal in a form of a high voltage pedestal pulse supplied to a common node, and a second circuit comprising a second power supply and a plurality of second networks for generating a second output signal in a form of a high voltage short pulse which is supplied to the common node. The pedestal pulse passes through a blocking inductor before being combined with the short pulse at the common node, and the short pulse is stacked on top of the pedestal pulse to form a combined high voltage pulse. A low frequency magnetron is coupled to the common node for receiving the stacked combined high voltage pulse and generating a short RF pulse.

Mechanisms to reduce noise and/or energy consumption in PAM communication systems, utilizing conditional symbol substitution in each burst interval of a multi-data lane serial data bus.

Mechanisms to reduce noise and/or energy consumption in PAM communication systems, utilizing conditional symbol substitution in each burst interval of a multi-data lane serial data bus.

A system comprising a PAM-4 transmitter coupled data lanes includes a least significant bit section and a most significant bit section for the symbols generated on each lane. A controller to determine a state of the PAM-4 transmitter and selectively inverts a polarity of the symbol bits on the lanes based on the state.