A nicotine delivery device (200) for generating a mist containing nicotine for inhalation by a user. The device comprises a mist generator device (201) and a driver device (202). The driver device (202) is configured to drive the mist generator device (201) at an optimum frequency to maximise the efficiency of mist generation by the mist generator device (201).

A novel and useful quantum computing machine includes classic computing and quantum computing cores. A programmable pattern generator executes instructions that control the quantum core. A pulse generator generates the control signals input to the quantum core to perform quantum operations. A partial readout of the quantum state is re-injected into the quantum core to extend decoherence time. Access gates control movement of quantum particles in the quantum core. Errors are corrected from the readout before being re-injected into the quantum core. Internal and external calibration loops calculate error syndromes and calibrate control pulses input to the quantum core. Control of the quantum core is provided from an external support unit via the pattern generator or retrieved from classic memory where sequences of commands are stored in memory. A cryostat unit functions to cool the quantum computing core to approximately 4 Kelvin.

A novel and useful quantum computing machine includes classic computing and quantum computing cores. A programmable pattern generator executes instructions that control the quantum core. A pulse generator generates the control signals input to the quantum core to perform quantum operations. A partial readout of the quantum state is re-injected into the quantum core to extend decoherence time. Access gates control movement of quantum particles in the quantum core. Errors are corrected from the readout before being re-injected into the quantum core. Internal and external calibration loops calculate error syndromes and calibrate control pulses input to the quantum core. Control of the quantum core is provided from an external support unit via the pattern generator or retrieved from classic memory where sequences of commands are stored in memory. A cryostat unit functions to cool the quantum computing core to approximately 4 Kelvin.

A digital-to-analog converter may include an integrator, an input network comprising a plurality of parallel taps, each member of the plurality of parallel taps having a signal delay such that at least two of the signal delays of the members of the plurality of parallel taps are different, and wherein each member of the plurality of parallel taps is coupled between an input of the digital-to-analog converter and an input of the integrator, and control circuitry configured to selectively enable and disable particular members of the plurality of parallel taps in order to program an effective input resistance of the input network to control an analog gain of the digital-to-analog converter, such that the control circuitry enables an even number of members at a time, with half of such enabled members in a first group and half of such enabled members in a second group.

The disclosure provides a digital-to-analog conversion device and an operation method thereof. The digital-to-analog conversion device includes a digital-to-analog conversion circuit and a slew rate enhancement circuit. The digital-to-analog conversion circuit is configured to convert a digital code into an analog voltage. An output terminal of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit outputs the analog voltage to a load circuit. A control terminal of the slew rate enhancement circuit is coupled to the digital-to-analog conversion circuit to receive a control voltage following the analog voltage. The slew rate enhancement circuit is coupled to the output terminal of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit. The slew rate enhancement circuit enhances the slew rate at the output terminal of the digital-to-analog conversion circuit based on the control voltage.

A latch circuit sequentially latches a first data weighted averaging (DWA) data word and then a second DWA data word. A first detector circuit identifies a first bit location in the first DWA data that is associated with an ending of a first string of logic 1 bits in the first DWA data word. A second detector circuit identifies a second bit location in the second DWA data word associated with an ending of a second string of logic 1 bits in the second DWA data word. A DWA-to-binary conversion circuit converts the second DWA data word to a binary word by using the first bit location and second bit location to identify a number of logic 1 bits present in said second DWA data word. A binary value for that binary word that is equal to the identified number is output.

A latch circuit sequentially latches a first data weighted averaging (DWA) data word and then a second DWA data word. A first detector circuit identifies a first bit location in the first DWA data that is associated with an ending of a first string of logic 1 bits in the first DWA data word. A second detector circuit identifies a second bit location in the second DWA data word associated with an ending of a second string of logic 1 bits in the second DWA data word. A DWA-to-binary conversion circuit converts the second DWA data word to a binary word by using the first bit location and second bit location to identify a number of logic 1 bits present in said second DWA data word. A binary value for that binary word that is equal to the identified number is output.

Described are apparatus and methods for low power frequency clock generation and distribution. A device includes a low power generation and distribution circuit configured to generate and distribute a differential 1/N sampling frequency (F.sub.S)(F.sub.S/N) clock, wherein N is larger or equal to 2, and a differential frequency doubler configured to generate a single-ended multiplied frequency clock from the differential F.sub.S/N frequency clock, and convert the single-ended multiplied frequency clock to a differential multiplied frequency clock for use by one or more data processing channels.

Described are apparatus and methods for low power frequency clock generation and distribution. A device includes a low power generation and distribution circuit configured to generate and distribute a differential 1/N sampling frequency (F.sub.S)(F.sub.S/N) clock, wherein N is larger or equal to 2, and a differential frequency doubler configured to generate a single-ended multiplied frequency clock from the differential F.sub.S/N frequency clock, and convert the single-ended multiplied frequency clock to a differential multiplied frequency clock for use by one or more data processing channels.

A multi-level signal generator includes a receiving circuit, a setting circuit, a data bit generating circuit and a digital-to-analog converter. The receiving circuit generates a first data bit based on an input data signal having two voltage levels that are different from each other. The setting circuit generates a flag signal based on a command signal. The flag signal is changed depending on an operation mode. The data bit generating circuit generates a plurality of internal bits based on the first data bit, selects at least one of the plurality of internal bits based on the flag signal, and outputs the selected internal bit as at least one additional data bit. The digital-to-analog converter generates an output data signal that is a multi-level signal having three or more voltage levels different from each other based on the first data bit and the at least one additional data bit.