Methods, systems, and apparatus for quantum analog-digital conversion. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a quantum analog signal; applying a hybrid analog-digital encoding operation to the quantum analog signal and a qudit in an initial state to obtain an evolved state of the qudit, wherein the hybrid analog-digital encoding operation is based on a swap operation comprising multiple adder operations; and providing the qudit in the evolved state as a quantum digital encoding of the quantum analog signal.

Methods, systems, and apparatus for quantum analog-digital conversion. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining a quantum analog signal; applying a hybrid analog-digital encoding operation to the quantum analog signal and a qudit in an initial state to obtain an evolved state of the qudit, wherein the hybrid analog-digital encoding operation is based on a swap operation comprising multiple adder operations; and providing the qudit in the evolved state as a quantum digital encoding of the quantum analog signal.

A magnetic field measuring apparatus includes a digital FLL circuit including ADC that converts a periodically changing voltage output from a SQUID according to a change in a magnetic field into a digital value, a digital integrator that integrates the digital value output from the ADC, a DAC that converts an integrated value output from the digital integrator into a voltage, a converter that converts the voltage output from the DAC into a current, and a coil that generates the magnetic field received by the SQUID, based on the current output from the converter. A calculating device calculates a digital value indicating a flux quantum based on the digital value output from the ADC when the ADC converts the periodically changing voltage output from the SQUID upon receiving the magnetic field generated by a current that is obtained by converting a voltage generated by a voltage generator.

A nicotine delivery device (200) for generating a mist containing nicotine for inhalation by a user. The device comprises a mist generator device (201) and a driver device (202). The driver device (202) is configured to drive the mist generator device (201) at an optimum frequency to maximise the efficiency of mist generation by the mist generator device (201).

An over/under voltage protection circuit includes a voltage input terminal, a digital-to analog converter, a comparator, and a control circuit. The comparator includes a first input coupled to an output of the digital-to-analog converter, and a second input coupled to the voltage input terminal. The control circuit includes an output coupled to an input of the digital-to-analog converter, and an input coupled to an output of the comparator. The control circuit is configured to set the digital-to-analog converter to generate an overvoltage fault threshold responsive to the output of the comparator indicating that voltage of a signal at the voltage input terminal exceeds a threshold currently generated by the digital-to-analog converter.

A sigma delta modulator device includes a sampling circuit, a digital to analog converter circuit, an integrator circuit, and an analog to digital converter circuit. The sampling circuit is configured to sample an input signal, in order to generate a first signal. The digital to analog converter circuit is configured to convert a first digital signal to be a combination of a first reference voltage and a common mode voltage, in order to generate a second signal, in which the first reference voltage is one of a positive reference voltage and a negative reference voltage. The integrator circuit is configured to perform integration according to the first signal and the second signal, in order to generate a third signal. The analog to digital converter circuit is configured to quantize the third signal to generate an output signal, and to generate the first digital signal according to the output signal.

A signal analyzer for analyzing a signal includes a frontend with at least two interleaved digitizers configured to digitize an input signal, thereby generating a digitized input signal. The signal analyzer also includes a first interleave alignment filter established by a hardware interleave alignment filter that is configured to hardware-compensate non-ideal effects of the frontend in the digitized input signal in real-time, thereby generating a hardware-compensated, digitized input signal. Further, the signal analyzer includes an acquisition memory configured to store the hardware-compensated, digitized input signal, thereby acquiring an acquired signal. Moreover, the signal analyzer includes a second interleave alignment filter configured to fine-compensate further non-ideal effects of the frontend in a post-processing of the acquired signal.

A nicotine delivery device (200) for generating a mist containing nicotine for inhalation by a user. The device comprises a mist generator device (201) and a driver device (202). The driver device (202) is configured to drive the mist generator device (201) at an optimum frequency to maximise the efficiency of mist generation by the mist generator device (201).

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive a downlink control message from a base station indicating a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) associated with an uplink transmission, a number of layers associated with the uplink transmission, or both. The UE may determine to adjust (for example, reduce) a first number of bits based on the MCS, the number of layers, or both. The first number of bits may include an effective number of bits (ENOB) supported at a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) of the UE, a number of bits (NOB) supported at a transmission front end (TxFE) component of the UE, or both. The UE may transmit the uplink transmission to the base station according to the adjusted first number of bits.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive a downlink control message from a base station indicating a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) associated with an uplink transmission, a number of layers associated with the uplink transmission, or both. The UE may determine to adjust (for example, reduce) a first number of bits based on the MCS, the number of layers, or both. The first number of bits may include an effective number of bits (ENOB) supported at a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) of the UE, a number of bits (NOB) supported at a transmission front end (TxFE) component of the UE, or both. The UE may transmit the uplink transmission to the base station according to the adjusted first number of bits.