A bit interleaver, a bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) device and a bit interleaving method are disclosed herein. The bit interleaver includes a first memory, a processor, and a second memory. The first memory stores a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword having a length of 64800 and a code rate of 7/15. The processor generates an interleaved codeword by interleaving the LDPC codeword on a bit group basis. The size of the bit group corresponds to a parallel factor of the LDPC codeword. The second memory provides the interleaved codeword to a modulator for quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation.

Proposed are a method and apparatus for receiving a PPDU in a wireless LAN system. In detail, a reception STA receives a PPDU from a transmission STA through a first band and decodes the PPDU. The PPDU includes a preamble and a data field. The first band includes first and second subblocks. The data field includes first data for the first subblock and second data for the second subblock. The first data is generated on the basis of data in which constellation mapping is performed on encoded data bits. The second data is generated on the basis of data obtaining by duplicating the first data and applying phase rotation thereto.

Provided is a signal interleaving method which includes: interleaving parity bits by encoding input bits based on a low density parity check (LDPC) code according to a code rate of 6/15 and a code length of 64800; splitting a codeword comprising the input bits and the interleaved parity bits into a plurality of bit groups; interleaving the plurality of bit groups according to a specific permutation order to provide an interleaved codeword; de-multiplexing bits of the interleaved codeword to generate data cells; mapping the data cells onto constellation points for 1024-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM); and transmitting a signal based on the constellation points.

A method for transmitting a broadcast signal according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises generating service layer signaling information for discovery and acquisition of a broadcast service and a content component of the broadcast service; generating service list information including for service list building and discovery of the service layer signaling information; and physical layer processing of the service list information, service layer signaling information, and content component.

A decoding apparatus includes a multi-input branch metric calculation unit configured to calculate, by using a branch label corresponding to a path extending toward a state S at a time point N in a trellis diagram and a plurality of reception signal sequences, a branch metric in the state S, a path metric calculation unit configured to calculate a path metric in the state S at the time point N, and a surviving path list memory configured to store path labels corresponding to L path metrics among a plurality of calculated path metrics. The path metric calculation unit generates a path label in the state S at the time point N by combining the branch label with a path label in each of the states at the time point N−1 and the surviving path list memory outputs path labels corresponding to L path metrics.

A data processing device includes an average correction processor that corrects input data based on an average value of the input data and outputs average correction data, and reversibly encodes and decodes the average value to generate a decoded average value, an irreversible encoder/decoder that encodes and decodes the average correction data and outputs first and second decoded data, a binary predictor that predicts a magnitude of a restoration error included in the second decoded data based on the first decoded data and the decoded average value and outputs a prediction result as binary data, an error estimator that outputs an estimation error based on the first decoded data, the second decoded data, and the decoded average value, and an operation circuit that outputs output data based on the second decoded data, the binary data, the estimation error, and the decoded average value.

A zero padding apparatus and method for fixed length signaling information are disclosed. A zero padding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a processor configured to generate a LDPC information bit string by deciding a number of groups whose all bits are to be filled with 0 using a difference between a length of the LDPC information bit string and a length of a BCH-encoded bit string, selecting the groups using a shortening pattern order to fill all the bits of the groups with 0, and filling at least a part of remaining groups, which are not filled with 0, with the BCH-encoded bit string; and memory configured to provide the LDPC information bit string to an LDPC encoder.

A digital system, components and method are configured with nonvolatile memory for storing digital data using codewords. The data is stored in the memory using multiple bits per memory cell of the memory. A code efficiency, for purposes of write operations and read operations relating to the memory, can be changed on a codeword to codeword basis based on input parameters. The code efficiency can change based on changing any one of the input parameters including bit density that is stored by the memory. Storing and reading fractional bit densities is described.

A method for performing code block segmentation for wireless transmission using concatenated forward error correction encoding includes receiving a transport block of data for transmission having a transport block size, along with one or more parameters that define a target code rate. A number N of inner code blocks needed to transmit the transport block is determined. A number M—outer code blocks may be calculated based on the number of inner code blocks and on encoding parameters for the outer code blocks. The transport block may then be segmented and encoded according to the calculated encoding parameters.

Disclosed is a broadcasting signal transmission device, a broadcasting signal reception device, and a method for transmitting/receiving a broadcasting signal using same. The method for receiving the broadcasting signal comprises the following steps: receiving the broadcasting signal, which includes a transmission frame, wherein the transmission frame includes a plurality of PLPs, which transmit components that constitute a broadcasting service, first signaling information and second signaling information, which include the signaling information of the plurality of PLPs, a first preamble signal, which has been signaled with a preamble format, and a second preamble signal, which has been signaled with pilot pattern information, wherein one of the plurality of PLPs is a base PLP, which includes a program number that corresponds to the broadcasting service and program map table information, which has been signaled with identifying information for each of the PLPs; demodulating the broadcasting signal based on the first and the second preamble signals; FEC decoding the demodulated broadcasting signal; and identifying a PLP group that includes the plurality of PLP from the FEC decoded broadcasting signal based on the first and the second signaling information, decoding at least one PLP of the identified PLP group, and providing the broadcasting service.