A media independent interface and circuitry of a forward error correction (FEC) sublayer are provided, the circuitry of the FEC sublayer to perform forward error correction, the FEC sublayer coupled to a physical coding sublayer and a physical medium attachment (PMA) sublayer. The FEC sublayer include an encoder having a reverse gearbox, a compressor coupled to said reverse gearbox, a selector coupled to said compressor, a parity generator coupled to said compressor, a multiplexer coupled to said compressor, selector and said parity generator, a scrambler coupled to said multiplexer, and a pseudo-noise generator coupled to said scrambler.

Encoding devices, methods and programs that encode with high transmission efficiency by controlling a running disparity are disclosed. In one example, an encoding device includes a scrambling circuit that scrambles an input data string, a calculation circuit that calculates a first running disparity of the scrambled data string, a determination circuit that determines whether or not to invert the scrambled data string on the basis of a first running disparity calculated by the calculation circuit and a second running disparity calculated at a time point before the first running disparity, and an addition circuit that inverts or non-inverts the scrambled data string on the basis of a determination result by the determination circuit, adds a flag indicating the determination result, and outputs the data string. The technology can be applied to devices that perform SLVS-EC standard communication.

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to devices, methods, apparatuses and computer readable storage media for data encryption and decryption. In example embodiments, a first cipher key and a second cipher key are obtained. The first cipher key comprises a vector of cipher elements, and the second cipher key comprises a set of indices corresponding to a subset matrix of a polarizing matrix. A cipher vector is generated by polar coding of a data vector based on the first and second cipher keys and the polarizing matrix. The data and cipher vectors are combined for encryption of the data vector.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a conversion device including an acquisition unit configured to acquire a first bit string having a first bit length L1; a conversion unit configured to convert, in accordance with conversion information that associates respective bit strings each having the first bit length L1 with bit strings each having a second bit length L2 uniquely assigned to the respective bit strings, the first bit string into a second bit string having the second bit length L2. The conversion information is created by searching for a clique that includes 2.sup.L1 or more nodes, from a graph including nodes and an edge representing the bit strings each having the second bit length L2 that satisfy a predetermined constraint condition.