A method for synchronizing a signal having modulated chirps. The modulation corresponds to circular permutation of the pattern of variation in the instantaneous frequency of a chirp over the symbol time. For a portion of the signal that is representative of at least one chirp, estimating a first piece of time synchronization information representative of a time shift in the signal relative to a given time reference. Using the first piece of time synchronization information, a piece of fractional frequency synchronization information is estimated, that is representative of a frequency shift in the signal relative to a given frequency reference modulo the inverse of the symbol time. Using the piece of fractional frequency synchronization information, second time synchronization information is estimated, representative of a time shift in the signal relative to the given time reference.

A receiver of the disclosure includes: a load modulator that transmits an active load modulation signal generated by active load modulation to a reader writer, in response to a carrier signal transmitted from the reader writer; and a controller that determines whether the active load modulation signal has reached the reader writer, and controls the load modulator to retransmit the active load modulation signal, after changing a phase of the active load modulation signal with respect to the carrier signal, in a case where the controller determines that the active load modulation signal has not reached the reader writer.

A sensor interface circuit includes: an RF switch having a control node; a bias circuit electrically connected to the control node and applying, to the control node, a voltage at a first level or a second level corresponding to a linear region of a reflection characteristic; a first variable oscillation circuit electrically connectable to a first sensor; a second variable oscillation circuit electrically connectable to a second sensor; and a difference circuit electrically connected between the first variable oscillation circuit and the bias circuit, and between the second variable oscillation circuit and the bias circuit.

A communication device includes a communicator that communicates with an RF tag in a non-contact manner, a communication unit that exchanges data with a host device, and a controller that controls the communicator and the communication unit. Every time the communicator sequentially reads data from the RF tag that passes a communication-feasible region near the communicator at regular time intervals or irregular time intervals, the controller updates first data to be exchanged with the host device by the communication unit so as to include the read data. Also, the controller updates second data to be exchanged with the host device by the communication unit to a value different from a previous value in association with timing with which the first data is updated.

Disclosed is a system for real-time detection and annunciation of blood associated with menstruation and surgical wounds. The system comprises a real-time, wide area blood detector, communication means for relay of blood detection information, and annunciation means to inform the user of the emanation of blood. Various system embodiments include local and remote as well as covert and non-covert annunciation to users or medical personnel, various forms of real-time blood detection sensors, blood analysis capability, and smart bandage telemetry.

A passive radiofrequency transponder comprises a radiating dipole antenna consisting of a single-strand helical spring having an axis, a median plane, a pitch and a diameter for a given wire diameter, and an electronic portion located inside the radiating antenna. The electronic portion comprises an electronic chip electrically connected to a primary antenna that is electromagnetically coupled to the radiating antenna. The primary antenna has an axis parallel to the axis of the radiating antenna and a median plane superposed with the median plane of the radiating antenna. The primary antenna is circumscribed by a cylinder the diameter of which is larger than one third of the inside diameter of the radiating antenna. The radiofrequency transponder is characterized in that, in a first region of the radiating antenna, in which the latter is not located plumb with the electronic portion, the first helix pitch of the radiating antenna is larger than the second helix pitch of the radiating antenna that does not form part of this first region.

A passive radiofrequency transponder comprises a radiating dipole antenna consisting of a single-strand helical spring having an axis, a median plane, a pitch and a diameter for a given wire diameter, and an electronic portion located inside the radiating antenna. The electronic portion comprises an electronic chip electrically connected to a primary antenna that is electromagnetically coupled to the radiating antenna. The primary antenna has an axis parallel to the axis of the radiating antenna and a median plane superposed with the median plane of the radiating antenna. The primary antenna is circumscribed by a cylinder the diameter of which is larger than one third of the inside diameter of the radiating antenna. The radiofrequency transponder is characterized in that, in a first region of the radiating antenna, in which the latter is not located plumb with the electronic portion, the first helix pitch of the radiating antenna is larger than the second helix pitch of the radiating antenna that does not form part of this first region.

A method for determining the time of receipt by a radio receiver of a binary coded radio message emitted by a sender. A radio signal containing the message is received by the receiver. An analog electrical signal is generated, sampled and optionally demodulated. The data content of the message is determined based upon the demodulated signal as a stream of data bits. The stream of data bits comprises a predetermined signal element whose time of receipt is determined. A digitally stored, constructed comparison signal is created based upon the stream of data bits. The constructed comparison signal is constructed to correspond to the sampled signal, in that a time variable which maximizes a correlation between the constructed comparison signal and the sampled signal is determined, and in that the time variable is then used to correct the time determination of the receipt of the predetermined signal element.

A method for determining the time of receipt by a radio receiver of a binary coded radio message emitted by a sender. A radio signal containing the message is received by the receiver. An analog electrical signal is generated, sampled and optionally demodulated. The data content of the message is determined based upon the demodulated signal as a stream of data bits. The stream of data bits comprises a predetermined signal element whose time of receipt is determined. A digitally stored, constructed comparison signal is created based upon the stream of data bits. The constructed comparison signal is constructed to correspond to the sampled signal, in that a time variable which maximizes a correlation between the constructed comparison signal and the sampled signal is determined, and in that the time variable is then used to correct the time determination of the receipt of the predetermined signal element.

A communication system provided to a working vehicle includes: an information receiving unit that communicates with identification devices and receives identification information; a first area information storage that stores first area information indicating an area where use of the information receiving unit is permitted; a comparing unit that compares the first area information with second area information indicating an area where the working vehicle is used; and a communication control unit that prohibits the information receiving unit from outputting electric waves when the second area information is not included in the first area information.