Disclosed are a method and a device for indicating a pixel, and a method and a device for processing a pixel indication, in video encoding and decoding. A process of indicating a pixel by an encoder includes the steps of: determining at least one processing sub-interval, determining at least one processing sub-interval to be indicated, and indicating the at least one processing sub-interval to be indicated. A process of processing a pixel indication by a decoder includes the steps of: acquiring processing sub-interval indication information, determining at least one indicated processing sub-interval, and determining all of the at least one processing sub-interval. Under the premise that flexible selection of at least one processing sub-interval is guaranteed by applying the above-mentioned technical solutions according to embodiments of the present invention, indication information of the at least one processing sub-interval to be indicated, which is transmitted, is reduced. As a result, video compression performance is improved.

Methods and systems are provided for increasing bandwidth efficiency in satellite communications. In some embodiments, a satellite communications method is provided that comprises receiving, at a satellite and from a plurality of user ground terminals, a plurality of source signals, wherein each of the source signals are modulated according to at least one source modulation method, and further receiving, at a satellite and from a plurality of user ground terminals, a plurality of information signals corresponding to the plurality of source signals. The method further includes combining, at the satellite, the plurality of source signals into a combined source signal with an overlapping bandwidth, wherein each of the source signals are further modulated according to at least one predetermined modulation method before they are combined, and transmitting, by a downlink transmission from the satellite to a gateway ground station, the combined source signal.

Methods and systems are provided for increasing bandwidth efficiency in satellite communications. In some embodiments, a satellite communications method is provided that comprises receiving, at a satellite and from a plurality of user ground terminals, a plurality of source signals, wherein each of the source signals are modulated according to at least one source modulation method, and further receiving, at a satellite and from a plurality of user ground terminals, a plurality of information signals corresponding to the plurality of source signals. The method further includes combining, at the satellite, the plurality of source signals into a combined source signal with an overlapping bandwidth, wherein each of the source signals are further modulated according to at least one predetermined modulation method before they are combined, and transmitting, by a downlink transmission from the satellite to a gateway ground station, the combined source signal.

A message handler for receiving and transmitting positional information over a short burst data (SBD) service is provided. The message handler comprises a receiver for receiving packets with positional information from one or more mobile devices over the SBD service, a memory for storing the positional information, a transmitter for sending situational awareness packets to the one or more mobile devices, computer readable medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon for causing the message handler to receive the packets from the one or more mobile devices, store the positional information from the packets in the memory, select positional information based on parameters for the situational awareness packets, the selected positional information comprising at least longitude and latitude, heading and altitude for at least one mobile device, compress and combine the selected information to send in the situational awareness packets based on rules and send the situational awareness packets to the one or more mobile devices.

A message handler for receiving and transmitting positional information over a short burst data (SBD) service is provided. The message handler comprises a receiver for receiving packets with positional information from one or more mobile devices over the SBD service, a memory for storing the positional information, a transmitter for sending situational awareness packets to the one or more mobile devices, computer readable medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon for causing the message handler to receive the packets from the one or more mobile devices, store the positional information from the packets in the memory, select positional information based on parameters for the situational awareness packets, the selected positional information comprising at least longitude and latitude, heading and altitude for at least one mobile device, compress and combine the selected information to send in the situational awareness packets based on rules and send the situational awareness packets to the one or more mobile devices.

Stable aqueous gel or semisolid gel pharmaceutical composition comprising a gel-forming and water-soluble peptide are optionally combined with an appropriate excipient and a therapeutic agent. The pharmaceutical composition forms a gel depot following administration to an individual, where the gel nanostructure releases the peptide or the encapsulated therapeutic agent(s) over a extended period of time. The gel-forming compounds can be formulated in aqueous, suspension, or solid formulations, comprising 0.01% to 99% of a gel-forming polypeptide by weight with relation to the total weight of the formulation. These formulations are useful in drug delivery and as implantable drug depot for long term delivery of therapeutic agents, antigens, or cells. Also provided are methods of producing a gel-forming compound, through the modification of a chemical compound with a gel-forming enhancing motif.

A method includes generating, via a processor, multiple initial vectors, each including N elements. A code map is applied to each of the initial vectors, to produce an associated spreading code vector. Each of the spreading code vectors includes M elements, where MN. Using the spreading code vectors, spread signals are produced based on a complex baseband signals. The spread signals are stored in a memory operably coupled to the processor. The first and second spread signals are split into respective sets of spread signals, each uniquely associated with one of multiple transmit antennas. The first and second sets of spread signals are transmitted to respective signal receivers for detection of associated complex baseband signals based on the associated spreading code vectors.

A method includes generating, via a processor, multiple initial vectors, each including N elements. A code map is applied to each of the initial vectors, to produce an associated spreading code vector. Each of the spreading code vectors includes M elements, where MN. Using the spreading code vectors, spread signals are produced based on a complex baseband signals. The spread signals are stored in a memory operably coupled to the processor. The first and second spread signals are split into respective sets of spread signals, each uniquely associated with one of multiple transmit antennas. The first and second sets of spread signals are transmitted to respective signal receivers for detection of associated complex baseband signals based on the associated spreading code vectors.

Embodiments are directed to a companding method and system for reducing coding noise in an audio codec. A compression process reduces an original dynamic range of an initial audio signal through a compression process that divides the initial audio signal into a plurality of segments using a defined window shape, calculates a wideband gain in the frequency domain using a non-energy based average of frequency domain samples of the initial audio signal, and applies individual gain values to amplify segments of relatively low intensity and attenuate segments of relatively high intensity. The compressed audio signal is then expanded back to the substantially the original dynamic range that applies inverse gain values to amplify segments of relatively high intensity and attenuating segments of relatively low intensity. A QMF filterbank is used to analyze the initial audio signal to obtain a frequency domain representation.

Embodiments are directed to a companding method and system for reducing coding noise in an audio codec. A compression process reduces an original dynamic range of an initial audio signal through a compression process that divides the initial audio signal into a plurality of segments using a defined window shape, calculates a wideband gain in the frequency domain using a non-energy based average of frequency domain samples of the initial audio signal, and applies individual gain values to amplify segments of relatively low intensity and attenuate segments of relatively high intensity. The compressed audio signal is then expanded back to the substantially the original dynamic range that applies inverse gain values to amplify segments of relatively high intensity and attenuating segments of relatively low intensity. A QMF filterbank is used to analyze the initial audio signal to obtain a frequency domain representation.