A digital television (DTV) transmitter and a method of coding data in the DTV transmitter method are disclosed. A pre-processor pre-processes the enhanced data by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded enhanced data. A data formatter generates one or more groups of enhanced data packets, each enhanced data packet including the pre-processed enhanced data. And, a packet multiplexer generates at least one burst of enhanced data by multiplexing the one or more groups of enhanced data packets. Herein, each burst of enhanced data includes at least one group of enhanced data packets. The DTV transmitter may further include a scheduler which generates first and second control signals to control operations of the data formatter and the packet multiplexer, respectively.

The invention relates to a method for operating a first access node (100) of a first cellular network in which a first user entity (200) uses a first access technology with at least one first carrier frequency to access a first cell (110) of the first cellular network, the at least one first carrier frequency having a bandwidth. It comprises: determining that a second user entity (400) or a second access node (300) using a second access technology different from the first access technology may operate in the first cell (110) within the bandwidth of the at least one first carrier frequency in order to access a second cellular network, transmitting information to the first user entity (200) by which the first user entity is informed about the fact that the second user entity (400) or second access node may operate in the first cell within the bandwidth of the at least one first carrier frequency using the second access technology.

Noise parameters are used to characterize noise performance of linear devices, such as amplifiers. Such noise parameters have not been used for frequency conversion devices, such as mixers. Direct measurements of single-side-band noise figures are accurately represented by the measured noise parameters, which fully characterize the noise figure of the mixers for all harmonic impedance loading conditions. Each harmonic side band of frequencies contributing noise to the mixer output is associated with a set of noise parameters. A measurement method for extracting the noise parameters is described.

A radio frequency (RF) device based on a frequency band Band 28 and a communication method thereof are provided by the disclosure. The device includes a first duplexer for transceiving a first band signal, a second duplexer for transceiving a second band signal, a processor for selecting a corresponding one of the duplexers to transceive a signal by the channel switch according to a frequency band of the signal. An overlapping band belongs to a first band, frequency test points belong to a second band, a sum of frequency of the first band and the second band fall in Band 28. The second duplexer suppresses the overlapping band, so as to meet the requirement of full band of Band 28.

A technique for generating electronic signals includes processing a respective first-level input signal by each of a plurality of first-level channels, including up-sampling the respective first-level input signal and single-sideband (SSB) modulating the up-sampled first-level input signal to produce a respective first-level output signal. The technique further includes processing a respective second-level input signal by each of a plurality of second-level channels, including up-sampling the respective second-level input signal and SSB-modulating the up-sampled second-level input signal to produce a respective second-level output signal. The plurality of second-level channels is arranged in multiple groups assigned to respective first-level channels, and the technique further includes (i) summing together the second-level output signals of the second-level channels in each group, (ii) providing a group sum as the first-level input signal to the first-level channel to which the group is assigned, and summing together the first-level output signals to provide a composite signal.

A technique for generating electronic signals includes processing a respective first-level input signal by each of a plurality of first-level channels, including up-sampling the respective first-level input signal and single-sideband (SSB) modulating the up-sampled first-level input signal to produce a respective first-level output signal. The technique further includes processing a respective second-level input signal by each of a plurality of second-level channels, including up-sampling the respective second-level input signal and SSB-modulating the up-sampled second-level input signal to produce a respective second-level output signal. The plurality of second-level channels is arranged in multiple groups assigned to respective first-level channels, and the technique further includes (i) summing together the second-level output signals of the second-level channels in each group, (ii) providing a group sum as the first-level input signal to the first-level channel to which the group is assigned, and summing together the first-level output signals to provide a composite signal.

RF circuitry, which includes RF RX circuitry, an RF PA, RF TDD switching circuitry, and RF TX switching circuitry, is disclosed. The RF TX switching circuitry is coupled between the RF PA and the RF TDD switching circuitry. The RF PA receives and amplifies an RF input signal to provide an RF TX signal. During a first CA FDD-TDD operating mode, the RF TX signal has a first FDD TX carrier frequency, the RF TDD switching circuitry forwards a first filtered RF TDD RX signal to the RF RX circuitry, and the RF TX switching circuitry provides isolation between the RF PA and the RF TDD switching circuitry. During a first TDD TX operating mode, the RF TX signal has a first TDD TX carrier frequency and the RF TX switching circuitry forwards the RF TX signal to the RF TDD switching circuitry.

In some examples, a method and apparatus for wireless communication are disclosed. A wireless user equipment (UE) may receive an over-the-air tone pilot and apply the received pilot to a mixer. The mixer may mix the pilot with a local tone to generate a baseband signal. Here, the UE may determine an estimate of one or more parameters corresponding to a residual side band (RSB) in the baseband signal resulting from the mixer, and may accordingly apply the estimated one or more parameters to compensate for the RSB. The estimated RSB parameters may be refreshed online, by taking samples of the over-the-air tone pilot at a suitable refresh rate.

In some examples, a method and apparatus for wireless communication are disclosed. A wireless user equipment (UE) may receive an over-the-air tone pilot and apply the received pilot to a mixer. The mixer may mix the pilot with a local tone to generate a baseband signal. Here, the UE may determine an estimate of one or more parameters corresponding to a residual side band (RSB) in the baseband signal resulting from the mixer, and may accordingly apply the estimated one or more parameters to compensate for the RSB. The estimated RSB parameters may be refreshed online, by taking samples of the over-the-air tone pilot at a suitable refresh rate.

A frequency conversion system with improved performance. In one embodiment an image reject mixer is used to perform frequency conversion providing an initial degree of suppression of the image and local oscillator leakage signals, and a signal to noise enhancer (SNE) is used to further suppress the image and local oscillator signals, the signal to noise enhancer being a nonlinear passive device that attenuates low-power signals while transmitting high power signals with little loss. The signal to noise enhancer may be fabricated as a thin film of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) epitaxially grown on a gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate, the GGG substrate secured to a microwave transmission line from the input to the output of the signal to noise enhancer, such that the thin film of yttrium iron garnet is close to the transmission line.