Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may identify an uplink resource for reporting a Doppler measurement to a base station. The UE may determine a reference signal set precedes a reference point associated with the uplink resource prior to performing Doppler measurements based on the reference signals in the reference signal set. Each reference signal in the reference signal set may occur no later than a channel state information (CSI) reference resource, or an offset relative to the uplink resource defined by a number of symbols. The UE may determine the Doppler measurement based on the reference signal set, or multiple reference signal sets and may transmit the Doppler measurement to the base station in the uplink resource.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may identify an uplink resource for reporting a Doppler measurement to a base station. The UE may determine a reference signal set precedes a reference point associated with the uplink resource prior to performing Doppler measurements based on the reference signals in the reference signal set. Each reference signal in the reference signal set may occur no later than a channel state information (CSI) reference resource, or an offset relative to the uplink resource defined by a number of symbols. The UE may determine the Doppler measurement based on the reference signal set, or multiple reference signal sets and may transmit the Doppler measurement to the base station in the uplink resource.

In 5G and 6G, efficient communication relies on narrow communication beams directed between the transmitter and the intended recipient. However, the optimal beam direction changes whenever the user moves, as in traffic. The user device can inform the base station of the user's initial location, speed, and direction of travel, so the base station can calculate the appropriate beam direction versus time. However, if the mobile user device changes in speed or direction, this may result in an erroneous calculation by the base station. The directional error may be insignificant if the directional error is much less than the beam width. The mobile user device can calculate the directional error based on the change in speed or direction, and when the directional error becomes comparable to the beam width of the base station, the user can transmit a message to the base station indicating the new location, speed, and direction.

In 5G and 6G, efficient communication relies on narrow communication beams directed between the transmitter and the intended recipient. However, the optimal beam direction changes whenever the user moves, as in traffic. The user device can inform the base station of the user's initial location, speed, and direction of travel, so the base station can calculate the appropriate beam direction versus time. However, if the mobile user device changes in speed or direction, this may result in an erroneous calculation by the base station. The directional error may be insignificant if the directional error is much less than the beam width. The mobile user device can calculate the directional error based on the change in speed or direction, and when the directional error becomes comparable to the beam width of the base station, the user can transmit a message to the base station indicating the new location, speed, and direction.

A method for mitigating inter-mode interference (IMI) caused by antenna misalignment in an orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode multiplexing (OAM-MM) system and detecting a signal in an OAM beam. The method includes receiving an OAM beam bearing a signal, determining a phase-shifting value based on at least one of a type of the antenna misalignment and one or more antenna-misalignment parameters, wherein the phase-shifting value belongs to a beamforming (BF) codebook, shifting the phase of the received OAM beam using the determined phase-shifting value, and detecting the signal from the phase-shifted OAM beam.

A method for mitigating inter-mode interference (IMI) caused by antenna misalignment in an orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode multiplexing (OAM-MM) system and detecting a signal in an OAM beam. The method includes receiving an OAM beam bearing a signal, determining a phase-shifting value based on at least one of a type of the antenna misalignment and one or more antenna-misalignment parameters, wherein the phase-shifting value belongs to a beamforming (BF) codebook, shifting the phase of the received OAM beam using the determined phase-shifting value, and detecting the signal from the phase-shifted OAM beam.

Methods and systems capable of launching signal-carrying transverse electromagnetic waves onto a transmission line in the higher voltage region of the transmission distribution network. Such methods and systems may include a surface wave launcher located in the higher voltage region, a network unit located in a lower voltage region, and an arrester separating the surface wave launcher and the network unit, the arrester preventing voltage from arcing over from the higher voltage region to the lower voltage region where the arrester provides the signal to the surface wave launcher.

Methods and systems capable of launching signal-carrying transverse electromagnetic waves onto a transmission line in the higher voltage region of the transmission distribution network. Such methods and systems may include a surface wave launcher located in the higher voltage region, a network unit located in a lower voltage region, and an arrester separating the surface wave launcher and the network unit, the arrester preventing voltage from arcing over from the higher voltage region to the lower voltage region where the arrester provides the signal to the surface wave launcher.

The transmission power level is an important parameter in 5G/6G networking because it affects the failure rate if too low, background interference if too high, and battery life of user devices if retransmissions are required, among many other aspects of communications. Disclosed is an AI (artificial intelligence) model to recommend a transmission power level, based on inputs including: current network parameters such as the current throughput or message failure rate or average delay per message; parameters of the planned parameters such as the length and priority of the planned message; and environmental parameters such as the current noise or background interference level. In addition, the AI model adjusts for the distance between the transmitter and receiver, plus any known obscurations, among other inputs. The AI model then provides a recommended power setting for each message, adjusted to provide reliable reception but without wasting excess power.

The transmission power level is an important parameter in 5G/6G networking because it affects the failure rate if too low, background interference if too high, and battery life of user devices if retransmissions are required, among many other aspects of communications. Disclosed is an AI (artificial intelligence) model to recommend a transmission power level, based on inputs including: current network parameters such as the current throughput or message failure rate or average delay per message; parameters of the planned parameters such as the length and priority of the planned message; and environmental parameters such as the current noise or background interference level. In addition, the AI model adjusts for the distance between the transmitter and receiver, plus any known obscurations, among other inputs. The AI model then provides a recommended power setting for each message, adjusted to provide reliable reception but without wasting excess power.