Methods, computer program products, and systems are presented. The method computer program products, and systems can include, for instance: examining one or more parameter characterizing a prospective connection of the mobile airborne article to first through Nth base stations, the one or more parameter including a Doppler shift; determining based on the examining that a criterion is satisfied, the criterion having one or more factor; and initiating handoff of the mobile airborne article to one of the first through Nth base stations based on the determining.

Methods, computer program products, and systems are presented. The method computer program products, and systems can include, for instance: examining one or more parameter characterizing a prospective connection of the mobile airborne article to first through Nth base stations, the one or more parameter including a Doppler shift; determining based on the examining that a criterion is satisfied, the criterion having one or more factor; and initiating handoff of the mobile airborne article to one of the first through Nth base stations based on the determining.

The present disclosure provides a method for determining a Doppler frequency shift of a wireless signal directly reflected by a moving object. An example method includes eliminating a random phase shift caused by non-synchronization between a wireless transmitting device and a wireless receiving device by using conjugate multiplication of the channel state information (CSI) on two antennas, thereby obtaining the complete Doppler frequency shift information from the phase information of the channel state information. The example method eliminates the effect on the Doppler frequency shift caused by frequency information of static paths in a manner of removing the mean, thereby obtaining an accurate frequency estimation of the moving object. A Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm may be used to estimate a frequency spectrum according to practical sampling intervals to avoid an effect on the frequency estimation accuracy caused by uneven sampling rate in a practical wireless transceiving system.

The present disclosure provides a method for determining a Doppler frequency shift of a wireless signal directly reflected by a moving object. An example method includes eliminating a random phase shift caused by non-synchronization between a wireless transmitting device and a wireless receiving device by using conjugate multiplication of the channel state information (CSI) on two antennas, thereby obtaining the complete Doppler frequency shift information from the phase information of the channel state information. The example method eliminates the effect on the Doppler frequency shift caused by frequency information of static paths in a manner of removing the mean, thereby obtaining an accurate frequency estimation of the moving object. A Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm may be used to estimate a frequency spectrum according to practical sampling intervals to avoid an effect on the frequency estimation accuracy caused by uneven sampling rate in a practical wireless transceiving system.

Signal transmitting/receiving electronic devices or terminals in the present disclosure are configured to conduct per-beam signal synchronization in massive MIMO communication with a signal receiving/transmitting device or base station. During the massive MIMO communication, the devices or terminals are configured to transmit/receive signals via a set of beams to or from the signal receiving/transmitting device or base station. For beam domain signal of each individual beam of the plurality beams, the devices or terminals are configured to determine target time adjustments based on time shifts of the beam domain signals induced by multipath effect and target frequency adjustments based on frequency offsets of the beam domain signals induced by the Doppler effect; adjust time independent variables of the beam domain signals by the time adjustments; and adjust frequency independent variables of the beam domain signals by the frequency adjustments. Further, per-beam synchronized BDMA massive MIMO transmission method is disclosed, which provides a solution to efficient and reliable wireless communications with high mobility and/or high carrier frequency.

Signal transmitting/receiving electronic devices or terminals in the present disclosure are configured to conduct per-beam signal synchronization in massive MIMO communication with a signal receiving/transmitting device or base station. During the massive MIMO communication, the devices or terminals are configured to transmit/receive signals via a set of beams to or from the signal receiving/transmitting device or base station. For beam domain signal of each individual beam of the plurality beams, the devices or terminals are configured to determine target time adjustments based on time shifts of the beam domain signals induced by multipath effect and target frequency adjustments based on frequency offsets of the beam domain signals induced by the Doppler effect; adjust time independent variables of the beam domain signals by the time adjustments; and adjust frequency independent variables of the beam domain signals by the frequency adjustments. Further, per-beam synchronized BDMA massive MIMO transmission method is disclosed, which provides a solution to efficient and reliable wireless communications with high mobility and/or high carrier frequency.

Methods, apparatus and systems for improving scheduling flexibility in a wireless communication are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a wireless communication node is disclosed. The method includes: generating at least one indicator configured for updating scheduling information for a first transmission with a semi-persistent scheduling, the scheduling information including information related to at least one of: a sounding reference signal resource indicator, a transmission configuration indicator, and a timing advance; and transmitting the at least one indicator to at least one wireless communication device.

Methods, apparatus and systems for improving scheduling flexibility in a wireless communication are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a wireless communication node is disclosed. The method includes: generating at least one indicator configured for updating scheduling information for a first transmission with a semi-persistent scheduling, the scheduling information including information related to at least one of: a sounding reference signal resource indicator, a transmission configuration indicator, and a timing advance; and transmitting the at least one indicator to at least one wireless communication device.

The disclosure provides beam indication methods and apparatuses One example method includes that a terminal device determines first random access information associated with a first synchronization broadcast block (SSB) and associated with a beam parameter of a satellite beam, where the beam parameter is used to distinguish the satellite beam. The terminal sends a preamble to a satellite based on the first random access information. The satellite receives the preamble from the terminal, and determines the first random access information. The satellite determines the first SSB and the beam parameter of the satellite beam that are associated with the first random access information.

The disclosure provides beam indication methods and apparatuses One example method includes that a terminal device determines first random access information associated with a first synchronization broadcast block (SSB) and associated with a beam parameter of a satellite beam, where the beam parameter is used to distinguish the satellite beam. The terminal sends a preamble to a satellite based on the first random access information. The satellite receives the preamble from the terminal, and determines the first random access information. The satellite determines the first SSB and the beam parameter of the satellite beam that are associated with the first random access information.