A distributed utility system includes water source supply lines capable of being placed in fluid communication with a separate water source, water discharge lines capable of being placed in fluid communication with a separate water discharge destination, a water source and destination control manifold to allow selected water source supply lines to be placed in fluid communication with selected water discharge lines, and a storm water collection and distribution system. The storm water system includes a storm water collection conduit and a collected storm water discharge line in fluid communication with the storm water collection conduit, and the storm water discharge line can be placed in fluid communication with the plurality of water discharge lines via the control manifold. The distributed utility system further includes a utility line disposed within at least one of the water source supply lines, water discharge lines and collected storm water discharge line.

A remote management system includes: a facility information receiver that receives facility information representing a facility within a space; a facility information storage that stores the facility information; a use information receiver that receives use information representing a facility to be operated during a use period of the space among facilities represented by the facility information; a use information storage that stores the use information; a relay that relays communication between the facility within the space and an outside of the space; and a facility controller that controls the facility to operate or not to operate via the relay, based on the facility information and the use information.

A remote management system includes: a facility information receiver that receives facility information representing a facility within a space; a facility information storage that stores the facility information; a use information receiver that receives use information representing a facility to be operated during a use period of the space among facilities represented by the facility information; a use information storage that stores the use information; a relay that relays communication between the facility within the space and an outside of the space; and a facility controller that controls the facility to operate or not to operate via the relay, based on the facility information and the use information.

Disclosed are a method and system for transmitting data in a wireless local access network. The method includes: a first station sending a radio frame to a second station in an obtained transmission opportunity, and carrying, in the radio frame, notification information indicating that the second station uses the transmission opportunity to communicate with a third station. The technical scheme provided in embodiments of the present invention are applicable to transmission opportunity management in a data relay process in the wireless local area network, to achieve the control right management of transmission opportunity under the control of the first station.

Disclosed are a method and system for transmitting data in a wireless local access network. The method includes: a first station sending a radio frame to a second station in an obtained transmission opportunity, and carrying, in the radio frame, notification information indicating that the second station uses the transmission opportunity to communicate with a third station. The technical scheme provided in embodiments of the present invention are applicable to transmission opportunity management in a data relay process in the wireless local area network, to achieve the control right management of transmission opportunity under the control of the first station.

A method for performing a device-to-device (D2D) relay operation by a D2D terminal supporting D2D communication according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: transmitting, to a base station, a D2D relay request including information on multiple D2D links capable of being relayed; and acquiring at least one D2D grant from the base station on the basis of one of multiple radio network temporary identities (RNTIs) allocated to the D2D terminal, wherein when the at least one D2D grant approves the D2D relay request, the at least one D2D grant is indicated by a second RNTI which is different from a first RNTI used for approving a D2D synchronization operation or a D2D discovery operation among the multiple RNTIs.

A method for performing a device-to-device (D2D) relay operation by a D2D terminal supporting D2D communication according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: transmitting, to a base station, a D2D relay request including information on multiple D2D links capable of being relayed; and acquiring at least one D2D grant from the base station on the basis of one of multiple radio network temporary identities (RNTIs) allocated to the D2D terminal, wherein when the at least one D2D grant approves the D2D relay request, the at least one D2D grant is indicated by a second RNTI which is different from a first RNTI used for approving a D2D synchronization operation or a D2D discovery operation among the multiple RNTIs.

A communication device includes, a controller that executes control to receive a data transmission packet from another communication device, create a reception confirmation packet indicating reception of the data transmission packet, and store the created reception confirmation packet in a transmission buffer, and a transmitter that transmits a part of reception confirmation packets stored in the transmission buffer to the other communication device but does not transmit reception confirmation packets other than the transmitted reception confirmation packet to the other communication device.

A communication device includes, a controller that executes control to receive a data transmission packet from another communication device, create a reception confirmation packet indicating reception of the data transmission packet, and store the created reception confirmation packet in a transmission buffer, and a transmitter that transmits a part of reception confirmation packets stored in the transmission buffer to the other communication device but does not transmit reception confirmation packets other than the transmitted reception confirmation packet to the other communication device.

A network monitoring method executed by a plurality of relay devices within a network includes stopping, by a first relay device, transfer of a data frame received via a port at which a loop in the network is detected when the loop is detected; transmitting a first search frame configured to identify one or more relay devices included in a path in which the loop has occurred; receiving, by a second relay device, the first search frame; transmitting a second search frame obtained by storing identifying information identifying the second relay device in a data region of the first search frame; and identifying, by the first relay device, the one or more relay devices included in the loop using information included in the data region of a third search frame generated from the second frame by passing through one or more relay devices, when the third search frame is received.