A network monitoring method executed by a plurality of relay devices within a network includes stopping, by a first relay device, transfer of a data frame received via a port at which a loop in the network is detected when the loop is detected; transmitting a first search frame configured to identify one or more relay devices included in a path in which the loop has occurred; receiving, by a second relay device, the first search frame; transmitting a second search frame obtained by storing identifying information identifying the second relay device in a data region of the first search frame; and identifying, by the first relay device, the one or more relay devices included in the loop using information included in the data region of a third search frame generated from the second frame by passing through one or more relay devices, when the third search frame is received.

An IAB node switching method is applied to a relay system, and the relay system includes a donor base station and a first IAB node. The donor base station provides a gateway function for the first IAB node. The first IAB node receives a first BWP configuration from the donor base station, where the first BWP configuration includes a BWP configuration of a second IAB node, and the second IAB node is a candidate upper-level node of the first IAB node. The first IAB node switches to the second IAB node. According to the IAB node switching method, the IAB node, and the donor base station that are provided in this application, service availability of an IAB node is ensured when the IAB node has a plurality of upper-level nodes.

Embodiments include methods and devices for processing a digital composite signal generated at a first sampling rate. The signal includes at least first and second carrier-bands arranged to define a first inner gap between the carrier-bands. The first inner gap includes at least a first gap between the highest frequency of the first carrier-band and the lowest frequency of the second carrier-band. The digital composite signal has a predetermined instantaneous bandwidth that is lower than a sampling bandwidth. An outer gap located outside the instantaneous bandwidth and within the sampling bandwidth is determined. The first inner gap is reduced to define a second inner gap, where a width of the second inner gap is related to a width of the outer gap. The resulting folded digital composite signal is decimated to a second sampling rate lower than the first sampling rate thereby creating a decimated folded digital composite signal.

A method for deploying an electromagnetic wave guiding structure includes a communication dead zone analysis step and an improvement measure determination step. In the former step, a frequency band in use and an electromagnetic wave signal strength threshold value are preset, and a processing module creates an electromagnetic map for the electromagnetic wave intensity over an area in the frequency band in use based on an electronic map of the area, wherein the electromagnetic map shows a communication dead zone. In the latter step, the processing module obtains an existing electromagnetic wave path according to the electromagnetic map and infers from the existing electromagnetic wave path the installation position and type of at least one electromagnetic wave guiding structure assembly suitable for use to guide the electromagnetic wave to the communication dead zone and ensure that the coverage ratio of the electromagnetic wave in the area reaches a threshold value.

The Distributed Combined Junctional Transformer (abbreviated in this document as repeater station) provides a system to take any input wireless signal in any frequency and using any modulation and multiplexing schemes, convert it to the desired format and frequency and subsequently transmits the new wireless signal. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a repeater station comprises: an input antenna section capable of receiving the input signal generated by any source device in radio, microwave, infrared, visible or ultraviolet spectrums; an input conversion section translating the input wireless signal to a baseband signal if required; a baseband processing section that interprets the information of the input signal, converts the signal to the desired format and controls the other sections; an output conversion section which translates the baseband frequency output signal to the desired carrier output frequency if required; and an output antenna section which transmits the output signal.

A control apparatus connected to two or more first relay apparatuses which form a trunk with a first external relay apparatus and to a second relay apparatus(es) which is connected to at least one of the first relay apparatuses and which is arranged between a destination apparatus that performs a point-to-point communication and the first relay apparatuses. The control apparatus includes a first unit controlling the relay apparatuses; a second unit receiving a request for a configuration about a point-to-point communication, the request including endpoint information about the point-to-point communication; and a third unit determining, before the point-to-point communication occurs, a path(s) of the point-to-point communication, based on the endpoint information about the point-to-point communication and a packet allocation rule(s) of the first external relay apparatus, and setting a packet forwarding rule(s) for the point-to-point communication which uses the trunk in the relay apparatuses on the path(s).

A control apparatus connected to two or more first relay apparatuses which form a trunk with a first external relay apparatus and to a second relay apparatus(es) which is connected to at least one of the first relay apparatuses and which is arranged between a destination apparatus that performs a point-to-point communication and the first relay apparatuses. The control apparatus includes a first unit controlling the relay apparatuses; a second unit receiving a request for a configuration about a point-to-point communication, the request including endpoint information about the point-to-point communication; and a third unit determining, before the point-to-point communication occurs, a path(s) of the point-to-point communication, based on the endpoint information about the point-to-point communication and a packet allocation rule(s) of the first external relay apparatus, and setting a packet forwarding rule(s) for the point-to-point communication which uses the trunk in the relay apparatuses on the path(s).

A service providing device included in a process control system in a plant, the service providing device includes a communicator configured to perform communication via a network, a service provider configured to provides a service via the communicator by exclusively assigning first identification information to one of the service providing device and an alternative service providing device, the first identification information being common to the alternative service providing device which provides the service instead of the service providing device, and a heartbeat transmitter configured to transmit heartbeat information for notifying that the service is normal to the alternative service providing device via a relaying device by using second identification information which is different from the first identification information.

A service providing device included in a process control system in a plant, the service providing device includes a communicator configured to perform communication via a network, a service provider configured to provides a service via the communicator by exclusively assigning first identification information to one of the service providing device and an alternative service providing device, the first identification information being common to the alternative service providing device which provides the service instead of the service providing device, and a heartbeat transmitter configured to transmit heartbeat information for notifying that the service is normal to the alternative service providing device via a relaying device by using second identification information which is different from the first identification information.

Systems and method are provided for dynamically adjusting relay methodology based on current radio frequency channel conditions by selecting an optimal relay method. Radio relay systems that can dynamically adapt their relay modes in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure can achieve useful power savings over conventional relay systems designed for worst case scenario operation.