A backscatter tag device includes, in part, a receiver configured to receive a packet conforming to a communication protocol defining a multitude of codewords, a codeword translator configured to translate at least a first subset of the multitude of codewords disposed in the packet to a second multitude of codewords defined by the protocol in response to a data the backscatter tag is invoked to transmit, and a transmitter configured to transmit the packet supplied by the codeword translator at a frequency different than the first frequency at which the packer is received. The communication protocol may optionally be the 802.11 g/n, ZigBee or the Bluetooth communication protocol.

An apparatus, method and wireless device for fast scanning of a wireless communications medium are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method includes tuning a transceiver of the wireless node to a first frequency. The method further includes computing a first difference frequency, the first difference frequency being a difference between the first frequency and a second frequency. The method further includes generating a first control signal to configure a first backscattering device to switch between at least two states at a switching frequency equal to the first difference frequency.

An apparatus, method and wireless device for fast scanning of a wireless communications medium are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method includes tuning a transceiver of the wireless node to a first frequency. The method further includes computing a first difference frequency, the first difference frequency being a difference between the first frequency and a second frequency. The method further includes generating a first control signal to configure a first backscattering device to switch between at least two states at a switching frequency equal to the first difference frequency.

An embodiment of the disclosure provides a method of generating an electron density map of a D-region of the ionsphere. The method can comprise: defining a plurality of grid pixels corresponding to a portion of the D-region of the ionosphere; receiving a plurality of electromagnetic signals, each of the plurality of electromagnetic signals having propagated along a distinct propagation path through a portion of the D-region corresponding to one or more of the plurality of grid pixels; clustering the plurality of electromagnetic signals based on similarities in a point-of-origin of the plurality of electromagnetic signals; determining a path-averaged electron density curve for each of the plurality of clustered signals; determining a basis representation of an electron density curve of the plurality of grid pixels, which is consistent with the path-averaged electron density curves; and generating, based on the as is representation, an electron density map for the D-region of the ionosphere.

An embodiment of the disclosure provides a method of generating an electron density map of a D-region of the ionsphere. The method can comprise: defining a plurality of grid pixels corresponding to a portion of the D-region of the ionosphere; receiving a plurality of electromagnetic signals, each of the plurality of electromagnetic signals having propagated along a distinct propagation path through a portion of the D-region corresponding to one or more of the plurality of grid pixels; clustering the plurality of electromagnetic signals based on similarities in a point-of-origin of the plurality of electromagnetic signals; determining a path-averaged electron density curve for each of the plurality of clustered signals; determining a basis representation of an electron density curve of the plurality of grid pixels, which is consistent with the path-averaged electron density curves; and generating, based on the as is representation, an electron density map for the D-region of the ionosphere.

A communication system transmits data between communication nodes over a data transmission path. The system collects data from at least two different sources to create a fused data stream that is used as the input to a model for determining a frequency at which to transmit the data by skywave propagation. The data is transmitted between the communication nodes at the frequency determined by the model.

A communication system transmits data between communication nodes over a data transmission path. The system collects data from at least two different sources to create a fused data stream that is used as the input to a model for determining a frequency at which to transmit the data by skywave propagation. The data is transmitted between the communication nodes at the frequency determined by the model.

Wireless communication systems and methods are provided that include at least one base transmitter unit, at least one repeater unit, at least one receiver, and an artificial intelligence unit. The base transmitter unit is configured to transmit a data signal. The repeater unit is in communication with the transmitter and is configured to transmit the data signal via sky wave propagation. The receiver is in communication with the transmitter and the repeater and is configured to receive the data signal. The artificial intelligence unit monitors ionospheric conditions in the area and controls the data signal, making adjustments so the data signal overcomes skip zones. The adjustments may include automatically adjusting the power and position of the antenna array to re-route the data signal and/or dynamically changing the frequency of the data signal.

Wireless communication systems and methods are provided that include at least one base transmitter unit, at least one repeater unit, at least one receiver, and an artificial intelligence unit. The base transmitter unit is configured to transmit a data signal. The repeater unit is in communication with the transmitter and is configured to transmit the data signal via sky wave propagation. The receiver is in communication with the transmitter and the repeater and is configured to receive the data signal. The artificial intelligence unit monitors ionospheric conditions in the area and controls the data signal, making adjustments so the data signal overcomes skip zones. The adjustments may include automatically adjusting the power and position of the antenna array to re-route the data signal and/or dynamically changing the frequency of the data signal.

A satellite signal processing method includes: receiving, at a user equipment, a first satellite signal of a first frequency band from at least one satellite of a constellation of satellites; receiving, at the user equipment, a second satellite signal of a second frequency band and from the at least one satellite of the constellation of satellites; and controlling an activation status of at least one of: a first satellite signal receive chain, of the user equipment, configured to measure the first satellite signal; or a second satellite signal receive chain, of the user equipment, configured to measure the second satellite signal.