An adapter includes a waterproof container, a photoelectric conversion device housed in the waterproof container and connected to an optical cable, and an attachment structure provided at the waterproof container, for use in detachably attaching the adapter to an ROV.

A photoelectric adapter includes a power sourcing equipment (PSE) device, an optical connector connection part and an electrical connector. The electrical connector is connectable to an electrical connector connection part of an electrical device. The PSE device includes a semiconductor laser that oscillates with electric power, thereby outputting feed light. The PSE device is driven by receiving the electric power supplied from the electrical device through the electrical connector, and outputs the feed light from the optical connector connection part. Another photoelectric adapter includes a powered device, an optical connector connection part and an electrical connector. The powered device includes a photoelectric conversion element that converts feed light into electric power. The powered device receives the feed light supplied through the optical connector connection part, converts the feed light into the electric power, and outputs the electric power from the electrical connector.

A photoelectric adapter includes a power sourcing equipment (PSE) device, an optical connector connection part and an electrical connector. The electrical connector is connectable to an electrical connector connection part of an electrical device. The PSE device includes a semiconductor laser that oscillates with electric power, thereby outputting feed light. The PSE device is driven by receiving the electric power supplied from the electrical device through the electrical connector, and outputs the feed light from the optical connector connection part. Another photoelectric adapter includes a powered device, an optical connector connection part and an electrical connector. The powered device includes a photoelectric conversion element that converts feed light into electric power. The powered device receives the feed light supplied through the optical connector connection part, converts the feed light into the electric power, and outputs the electric power from the electrical connector.

An interconnect as a switch module (“ICAS” module) comprising n port groups, each port group comprising n−1 interfaces, and an interconnecting network implementing a full mesh topology where each port group comprising a plurality of interfaces each connects an interface of one of the other port groups, respectively. The ICAS module may be optically or electrically implemented. According to the embodiments, the ICAS module may be used to construct a stackable switching device and a multi-unit switching device, to replace a data center fabric switch, and to build a new, high-efficient, and cost-effective data center.

An interconnect as a switch module (“ICAS” module) comprising n port groups, each port group comprising n−1 interfaces, and an interconnecting network implementing a full mesh topology where each port group comprising a plurality of interfaces each connects an interface of one of the other port groups, respectively. The ICAS module may be optically or electrically implemented. According to the embodiments, the ICAS module may be used to construct a stackable switching device and a multi-unit switching device, to replace a data center fabric switch, and to build a new, high-efficient, and cost-effective data center.

A power over fiber system includes a power sourcing equipment, a powered device, an optical fiber cable, a measurer and a control device. The power sourcing equipment includes a semiconductor laser that oscillates with electric power, thereby outputting feed light. The powered device includes a photoelectric conversion element that converts the feed light into electric power. The optical fiber cable transmits the feed light from the power sourcing equipment to the powered device. The measurer measures a distance from the power sourcing equipment to the powered device. The control device controls the power sourcing equipment to output the feed light by changing a laser wavelength thereof for the distance from the power sourcing equipment to the powered device measured by the measurer.

A power over fiber system includes a power sourcing equipment, a powered device, an optical fiber cable, a measurer and a control device. The power sourcing equipment includes a semiconductor laser that oscillates with electric power, thereby outputting feed light. The powered device includes a photoelectric conversion element that converts the feed light into electric power. The optical fiber cable transmits the feed light from the power sourcing equipment to the powered device. The measurer measures a distance from the power sourcing equipment to the powered device. The control device controls the power sourcing equipment to output the feed light by changing a laser wavelength thereof for the distance from the power sourcing equipment to the powered device measured by the measurer.

An optical network element includes a connection to an optical fiber in an optical line system including a coherent receiver; a microphone configured to detect sound; and circuitry connected to the microphone and configured to cause transmission of information related to sounds detected by the microphone to a receiver at an end of the optical line system, wherein the transmission is over the optical fiber in the optical line system to the coherent receiver. The optical network element can include a polarization controlling device connected to the circuitry and configured to modulate a state-of-polarization (SOP) envelope for the transmission.

An optical network element includes a connection to an optical fiber in an optical line system including a coherent receiver; a microphone configured to detect sound; and circuitry connected to the microphone and configured to cause transmission of information related to sounds detected by the microphone to a receiver at an end of the optical line system, wherein the transmission is over the optical fiber in the optical line system to the coherent receiver. The optical network element can include a polarization controlling device connected to the circuitry and configured to modulate a state-of-polarization (SOP) envelope for the transmission.

A data communication network includes a plurality of network nodes and a processor. The network nodes each include an optical link and a reflectometry analyzer. The reflection analyzers provide reflectometry results that each provide a characterization of physical and operational properties of the associated optical link. The processor receives the reflectometry results from the reflectometry analyzers, and, for each optical link, analyzes the reflectometry results to determine a fingerprint of the physical and operational properties of the associated optical link. The processor further determines a status for each of the optical links based upon the associated fingerprints, and determines a first path between a first one of the network nodes and a second one of the network nodes based upon a first status of a first optical link in the first path and a second status of a second optical link in the path.