Microstructures of micro and/or nano holes on one or more surfaces enhance photodetector optical sensitivity. Arrangements such as a CMOS Image Sensor (CIS) as an imaging LIDAR using a high speed photodetector array wafer of Si, Ge, a Ge alloy on SI and/or Si on Ge on Si, and a wafer of CMOS Logic Processor (CLP) ib Si fi signal amplification, processing and/or transmission can be stacked for electrical interaction. The wafers can be fabricated separately and then stacked or can be regions of the same monolithic chip. The image can be a time-of-flight image. Bayer arrays can be enhanced with microstructure holes. Pixels can be photodiodes, avalanche photodiodes, single photon avalanche photodiodes and phototransistors on the same array and can be Ge or Si pixels. The array can be of high speed photodetectors with data rates of 56 Gigabits per second, Gbps, or more per photodetector.

An integrated pluggable optical tap module configured to be coupled to a host interface of a network equipment for tapping a signal of an optical transport link comprises a first, a second optical interface, and an active optical receiver. The optical pluggable module also includes a passive optical tap for splitting a signal received from the first optical interface and transmitting the signal on the second optical interface and a copy of the signal to the active optical receiver. The active optical receiver converts said signal to an electrical signal for transmission to the host interface.

The present disclosure is directed to a user friendly removable AOC over fiber connection system that simplifies consumer installation and maintenance for optical transmission of high-speed uncompressed video and data over long distances, including a removable optical transmitter and a removable optical receiver. The optical transmitter including a transmitting circuitry configured to receive electrical or optical signals from a source device; at least one laser configured into the transmitting circuitry for converting the electrical signals into light signals; it can be present but is not mandatory an interface electrically connected to the transmitting circuitry and configured to connect the transmitting circuitry to the source device; and one or a plurality of optical connectors connected to the transmitting circuitry for receiving the light signals, the optical connectors configured to removably connect to a plurality of transmitting optical fibers for transmitting light signals. The optical receiver including a receiving circuitry configured to receive the light signals from the transmitting optical fibers and convert the light signals into the electrical signals. It can be present but is not mandatory an interface electrically connected to the transmitting circuitry and configured to connect the transmitting circuitry to the source device. The shape of the removable connection may vary; can be of a simple plug male or female, or can be in a shaped as a keystone to be inserted in a wallplate male or female, or can be a complete wallplate shape or any other shape not described here.

A method includes generating, using a transmitter, an optical signal for each fiber incoherently combined in a fiber bundle. The method also includes transmitting the optical signal from each fiber as pulses at a target. The method further includes receiving, using a receiver array, the pulses of the optical signals and identifying one or more parameters of the target based on the pulses of the optical signals.

A method includes generating, using a transmitter, an optical signal for each fiber incoherently combined in a fiber bundle. The method also includes transmitting the optical signal from each fiber as pulses at a target. The method further includes receiving, using a receiver array, the pulses of the optical signals and identifying one or more parameters of the target based on the pulses of the optical signals.

A data management structure (1a) on board a transportation device, incorporating a cabin (100) provided with seats (110), includes a data resource block (210) incorporating audiovisual transmission system units (211 to 213), outward communication systems (100) and/or cabin systems, a standardised data distribution architecture (10a), and devices (E1 to E4) for operating said systems. In the structure (1a), the standardised architecture (10a) includes a concentration box (11) for the bidirectional transfer, on the one hand, of base signals with the resource block (210) and, on the other hand, optical signals with the devices (E1 to E4) of the cabin (100) on at least one optical fibre (2, 3; 2a, 2′a; 2b). This concentration box (11) houses units for processing (211 to 213) by signal switching, bidirectional conversion into optical signals, and optical signal management by wavelength allocation and distribution of downstream (F1) and upstream (F2) optical flows. This concentration box (11) is connected to the devices (E1 to E4) of said systems via intermediate boxes (30, 40) also housing processing units (111 to 113) according to the devices (E1 to E4) to which they are connected.

A data management structure (1a) on board a transportation device, incorporating a cabin (100) provided with seats (110), includes a data resource block (210) incorporating audiovisual transmission system units (211 to 213), outward communication systems (100) and/or cabin systems, a standardised data distribution architecture (10a), and devices (E1 to E4) for operating said systems. In the structure (1a), the standardised architecture (10a) includes a concentration box (11) for the bidirectional transfer, on the one hand, of base signals with the resource block (210) and, on the other hand, optical signals with the devices (E1 to E4) of the cabin (100) on at least one optical fibre (2, 3; 2a, 2′a; 2b). This concentration box (11) houses units for processing (211 to 213) by signal switching, bidirectional conversion into optical signals, and optical signal management by wavelength allocation and distribution of downstream (F1) and upstream (F2) optical flows. This concentration box (11) is connected to the devices (E1 to E4) of said systems via intermediate boxes (30, 40) also housing processing units (111 to 113) according to the devices (E1 to E4) to which they are connected.

An interconnect as a switch module (“ICAS” module) comprising n port groups, each port group comprising n-1 interfaces, and an interconnecting network implementing a full mesh topology where each port group comprising a plurality of interfaces each connects an interface of one of the other port groups, respectively. The ICAS module may be optically or electrically implemented. According to the embodiments, the ICAS module may be used to construct a stackable switching device and a multi-unit switching device, to replace a data center fabric switch, and to build a new, high-efficient, and cost-effective data center.

An interconnect as a switch module (“ICAS” module) comprising n port groups, each port group comprising n-1 interfaces, and an interconnecting network implementing a full mesh topology where each port group comprising a plurality of interfaces each connects an interface of one of the other port groups, respectively. The ICAS module may be optically or electrically implemented. According to the embodiments, the ICAS module may be used to construct a stackable switching device and a multi-unit switching device, to replace a data center fabric switch, and to build a new, high-efficient, and cost-effective data center.

Preventing RF signal distortion and signal error producing memory events in a Radio Frequency (RF) power amplifier (RFPA). An element, disposed prior to the Radio Frequency (RF) power amplifier (RFPA) in a signal path of a RF signal input to the RFPA, may enforce a maximum allowable amplitude in a high PAPR instantaneous high peak of the RF signal. An element may also increase or supplement a bias of the Radio Frequency (RF) power amplifier (RFPA) when a high PAPR instantaneous high peak is detected in the RF signal prior to receipt by the RFPA. Additionally, a first element operable detects when an instantaneous output voltage of the Radio Frequency (RF) power amplifier (RFPA) is below a predetermined voltage, and in response, a second element supplies additional current to prevent the output voltage of the RFPA from falling below a predetermined threshold voltage.