Systems and methods for resolving control conflicts in trunk protection links are provided. A method, in one implementation, includes identifying control conflicts among Network Elements (NEs) in an Optical Multiplex Section (OMS). The OMS may have a plurality of trunk protection links arranged in parallel and a plurality of Trunk Protection Switches (TPSs). Also, the trunk protection links and TPSs are configured to create a distributed 1:N trunk protection arrangement. The method also includes resolving the control conflicts by auto-negotiating a primary instance associated with enabling a first set of control actions to be conducted along a primary path in the OMS and auto-negotiating one or more follower instances associated with enabling a second set of control actions to be conducted along one or more secondary paths in the OMS subsequent to the first set of control actions.

The invention relates to a power-over-fiber (PoF) system, comprising: an optical source configured to generate an optical signal, wherein the optical signal comprises an intensity modulation; an optical fiber configured to receive the optical signal from the optical source and to guide the optical signal; an optical sink, which is configured to receive the optical signal from the optical fiber and to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal; a detection unit, which is configured to detect at least one characteristic of the electrical signal, wherein the characteristic is at least partially caused by the intensity modulation of the optical signal; and a control unit, which is configured to control the optical source based on the detected characteristic.

The invention relates to a power-over-fiber (PoF) system, comprising: an optical source configured to generate an optical signal, wherein the optical signal comprises an intensity modulation; an optical fiber configured to receive the optical signal from the optical source and to guide the optical signal; an optical sink, which is configured to receive the optical signal from the optical fiber and to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal; a detection unit, which is configured to detect at least one characteristic of the electrical signal, wherein the characteristic is at least partially caused by the intensity modulation of the optical signal; and a control unit, which is configured to control the optical source based on the detected characteristic.

There are provided a communication device, a communication system, and a communication method. A communication device includes a first receiver configured to receive a data signal and generate a level control signal based on an initial level of the data signal and on an error rate of the data signal; and a transmitter configured to transmit the level control signal.

A transfer control apparatus transfers video data obtained by image capturing in an image capturing and displaying apparatus to an image processing apparatus, and transfers video data generated by the image processing apparatus to the image capturing and displaying apparatus. In the transfer control apparatus, a first converter outputs an optical signal converted from an electrical signal representing the video data, an optical fiber transfers the optical signal, a second converter outputs an electrical signal converted from the optical signal transferred by the optical fiber, and a metal wire transfers a control signal indicating whether it is possible to communicate the video data by a communication unit of the image capturing and displaying apparatus. Operations of the first and second converters are controlled based on the control signal.

A transfer control apparatus transfers video data obtained by image capturing in an image capturing and displaying apparatus to an image processing apparatus, and transfers video data generated by the image processing apparatus to the image capturing and displaying apparatus. In the transfer control apparatus, a first converter outputs an optical signal converted from an electrical signal representing the video data, an optical fiber transfers the optical signal, a second converter outputs an electrical signal converted from the optical signal transferred by the optical fiber, and a metal wire transfers a control signal indicating whether it is possible to communicate the video data by a communication unit of the image capturing and displaying apparatus. Operations of the first and second converters are controlled based on the control signal.

A fiber distribution device includes a swing frame chassis pivotally mounted to a support structure. At least a first optical splitter module is mounted to the swing frame chassis. Pigtails having connectorized ends are carried by the swing frame chassis and have portions that are routed generally vertically on the swing frame chassis. An optical termination field includes fiber optic adapters carried by the swing frame chassis. The fiber optic adapters are configured to receive the connectorized ends of the pigtails.

A fiber distribution device includes a swing frame chassis pivotally mounted to a support structure. At least a first optical splitter module is mounted to the swing frame chassis. Pigtails having connectorized ends are carried by the swing frame chassis and have portions that are routed generally vertically on the swing frame chassis. An optical termination field includes fiber optic adapters carried by the swing frame chassis. The fiber optic adapters are configured to receive the connectorized ends of the pigtails.

An optical Internet Protocol (IP) router serves a cell-site over an optical communication network. The optical IP router transmits a network attach request having an optical node name over a control optical wavelength. The optical communication node receives an assignment of a data optical wavelength, a cell-site mode, and an Internet Protocol (IP) address over the control optical wavelength based on the optical node name. The optical communication node operates in the cell-site mode and responsively exchanges cell-site data having the IP address over the data optical wavelength.

An optical Internet Protocol (IP) router serves a cell-site over an optical communication network. The optical IP router transmits a network attach request having an optical node name over a control optical wavelength. The optical communication node receives an assignment of a data optical wavelength, a cell-site mode, and an Internet Protocol (IP) address over the control optical wavelength based on the optical node name. The optical communication node operates in the cell-site mode and responsively exchanges cell-site data having the IP address over the data optical wavelength.