This application provides an optical processing module and an optical processing apparatus. The optical processing apparatus includes at least two optical processing modules. The optical processing module includes a processing unit, and further includes at least one first interface, at least one second interface, and at least one third interface. Each of at least one first interface is configured to connect to and communicate with an upper-layer device, each of the at least one second interface is configured to connect to and communicate with a user-side device, each of the at least one third interface is configured to connect to and communicate with a third interface of another optical processing module, and the processing unit is configured to process, according to a first control instruction, data received from the at least one first interface and the at least one third interface.

The method includes sending a first frame of a first modulation format that is suitable for a first group of receivers before sending a second frame of a second modulation format that is suitable for a second group of receivers, wherein the first modulation format is a higher modulation format than the second modulation format, and wherein the method further includes inserting into the first frame at least one symbol of the second modulation format at at least one outer edge of the first frame.

Systems and methods include determining a current state of a network; determining a new state for the network having an improved cost relative to the current state; determining a defragmentation plan to move the network from the current state to the new state, the defragmentation plan including a sequence of steps; and, responsive to an event that presents an opportunity, implementing one or more steps of the sequence of steps. The implementing is conditioned on occurrence of the opportunity.

Systems and methods include determining a current state of a network; determining a new state for the network having an improved cost relative to the current state; determining a defragmentation plan to move the network from the current state to the new state, the defragmentation plan including a sequence of steps; and, responsive to an event that presents an opportunity, implementing one or more steps of the sequence of steps. The implementing is conditioned on occurrence of the opportunity.

Path computation systems and methods are provided herein. According to one embodiment, a method includes obtaining topological information representing a topology of at least a portion of a network. The topological information includes one or more nodes and one or more links, each link configured to connect a node with a neighboring node. Each node includes a plurality of internal components and a plurality of connections configured to interconnect the internal components. The method further includes running path computation through the topological information to determine a plurality of paths from a first internal component to a second internal component. Also, the method includes applying elimination rules during the path computation to filter out one or more paths detected as being invalid. The elimination rules are based on one or more predetermined path sequences that include at least two hops involving an unviable sequence of specific types of internal components.

Path computation systems and methods are provided herein. According to one embodiment, a method includes obtaining topological information representing a topology of at least a portion of a network. The topological information includes one or more nodes and one or more links, each link configured to connect a node with a neighboring node. Each node includes a plurality of internal components and a plurality of connections configured to interconnect the internal components. The method further includes running path computation through the topological information to determine a plurality of paths from a first internal component to a second internal component. Also, the method includes applying elimination rules during the path computation to filter out one or more paths detected as being invalid. The elimination rules are based on one or more predetermined path sequences that include at least two hops involving an unviable sequence of specific types of internal components.

A system for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) includes one or more local Digital Access Units (DAUs) located at a local location and one or more remote DAUs located at one or more remote locations. Each of the one or more local DAUs includes an optical port coupled to an upstream unit. The upstream unit includes at least one of a repeater, a baseband unit, a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), or a DAU. The one or more remote DAUs are coupled to the one or more local DAUs via one or more optical cables. A distance between the local location and each of the one or more remote locations is greater than two kilometers.

A system for routing signals in a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) includes one or more local Digital Access Units (DAUs) located at a local location and one or more remote DAUs located at one or more remote locations. Each of the one or more local DAUs includes an optical port coupled to an upstream unit. The upstream unit includes at least one of a repeater, a baseband unit, a Base Transceiver Station (BTS), or a DAU. The one or more remote DAUs are coupled to the one or more local DAUs via one or more optical cables. A distance between the local location and each of the one or more remote locations is greater than two kilometers.

An optical communication apparatus includes an optical switch, a wavelength management control unit, and an optical switch control unit. The optical switch is connected to a plurality of transmission lines and outputs an optical signal input from one of the transmission lines to another of the transmission lines. The wavelength management control unit assigns a wavelength to a subscriber terminal according to a communication destination. The optical switch control unit controls the optical switch such that it outputs an optical signal transmitted from the subscriber terminal, to which a wavelength has been assigned, to a transmission line corresponding to its forwarding destination on a path to the communication destination.

An optical communication apparatus includes an optical switch, a wavelength management control unit, and an optical switch control unit. The optical switch is connected to a plurality of transmission lines and outputs an optical signal input from one of the transmission lines to another of the transmission lines. The wavelength management control unit assigns a wavelength to a subscriber terminal according to a communication destination. The optical switch control unit controls the optical switch such that it outputs an optical signal transmitted from the subscriber terminal, to which a wavelength has been assigned, to a transmission line corresponding to its forwarding destination on a path to the communication destination.