Systems for establishing an ad-hoc optical communications link, the system comprising a first optical communications device at a first location and configured to generate a first optical signal; an optical receiver at a second location configured to receive the first optical signal; and a processor configured to generate, in response to the optical receiver receiving the first optical signal, instructions for directing a second optical communications device towards the first optical communications device, for establishing an optical communications link via a second optical signal generated by the first optical communications device. Systems for receiving an ad-hoc transmission of a message comprising a non-gimballed optical receiver having a frame rate greater than or equal to a modulation rate of the first optical signal, an optical aperture less than or equal to about 3 centimeters, and a field of view greater than or equal to about 5 degrees half angle.

Systems for establishing an ad-hoc optical communications link, the system comprising a first optical communications device at a first location and configured to generate a first optical signal; an optical receiver at a second location configured to receive the first optical signal; and a processor configured to generate, in response to the optical receiver receiving the first optical signal, instructions for directing a second optical communications device towards the first optical communications device, for establishing an optical communications link via a second optical signal generated by the first optical communications device. Systems for receiving an ad-hoc transmission of a message comprising a non-gimballed optical receiver having a frame rate greater than or equal to a modulation rate of the first optical signal, an optical aperture less than or equal to about 3 centimeters, and a field of view greater than or equal to about 5 degrees half angle.

In various embodiments, the present disclosure includes a system for sending 50 gigabits per second (Gbps), 75 Gbps, and 100 Gbps at 50 gigabaud (GBaud) for passive optical networks (PON) downstream and upstream. The system allows for transmission of three data rates at a single baud-rate while only using 2-bits of information per sample. A motivation for sending three data rates at a single baud-rate is to allow for further granularity in the control of the data-rates for downstream and upstream traffic in a flexible PON system based on the link margin. For example, the system can use non-return-to-zero (NRZ) at 50 GBaud for 50 Gbps and can use four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) at 50 GBaud for 100 Gbps. In addition for 75 Gbps, a double square-8 (DSQ-8) constellation can be used at 50 GBaud.

In various embodiments, the present disclosure includes a system for sending 50 gigabits per second (Gbps), 75 Gbps, and 100 Gbps at 50 gigabaud (GBaud) for passive optical networks (PON) downstream and upstream. The system allows for transmission of three data rates at a single baud-rate while only using 2-bits of information per sample. A motivation for sending three data rates at a single baud-rate is to allow for further granularity in the control of the data-rates for downstream and upstream traffic in a flexible PON system based on the link margin. For example, the system can use non-return-to-zero (NRZ) at 50 GBaud for 50 Gbps and can use four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) at 50 GBaud for 100 Gbps. In addition for 75 Gbps, a double square-8 (DSQ-8) constellation can be used at 50 GBaud.

The present invention has an object to provide an uplink band allocation apparatus and an uplink band allocation method that are capable of setting an uplink band of a PON in accordance with an application.

The uplink band allocation apparatus and method according to the present invention collect not only the amount of the data accumulated in an ONU but also the information of the application (application information) used on a terminal apparatus. Then, the uplink band allocation apparatus and method according to the present invention reflect, on a DBA conducted by the OLT, information of a band and a delay (band delay information) that have been calculated by an application information acquisition server from the application information and that are demanded by the application.

The present invention has an object to provide an uplink band allocation apparatus and an uplink band allocation method that are capable of setting an uplink band of a PON in accordance with an application.

The uplink band allocation apparatus and method according to the present invention collect not only the amount of the data accumulated in an ONU but also the information of the application (application information) used on a terminal apparatus. Then, the uplink band allocation apparatus and method according to the present invention reflect, on a DBA conducted by the OLT, information of a band and a delay (band delay information) that have been calculated by an application information acquisition server from the application information and that are demanded by the application.

A method for routing in a quantum network is provided. The method may include receiving parameters including a fidelity with coherence decay time and an entanglement generation rate for each quantum node in a mesh quantum network by a controller, the controller being configured to communicate with each quantum node of a plurality of quantum nodes in the mesh quantum network. Each quantum node includes a quantum memory and a processor. The method may also include analyzing the fidelity with coherence decay time and the entanglement generation rate to yield a determination of a path fidelity with a path coherence decay time and a path entanglement generation rate between at least one pair of quantum nodes. The method may further include, based on the determination, selecting a quantum communication path from a source node to a destination node.

A method for routing in a quantum network is provided. The method may include receiving parameters including a fidelity with coherence decay time and an entanglement generation rate for each quantum node in a mesh quantum network by a controller, the controller being configured to communicate with each quantum node of a plurality of quantum nodes in the mesh quantum network. Each quantum node includes a quantum memory and a processor. The method may also include analyzing the fidelity with coherence decay time and the entanglement generation rate to yield a determination of a path fidelity with a path coherence decay time and a path entanglement generation rate between at least one pair of quantum nodes. The method may further include, based on the determination, selecting a quantum communication path from a source node to a destination node.

The present disclosure provides methods for secure communication. In an example method, an optical line terminal (OLT) sends a first message to an optical network unit (ONU), where the first message includes a first key algorithm, a certificate of the OLT, and a public key of the OLT, and the first key algorithm is a key algorithm supported by both the OLT and the ONU. The ONU verifies the certificate of the OLT, and after the verification succeeds, the ONU determines a shared key based on the first key algorithm and the public key of the OLT. The ONU sends a second message to the OLT, where the second message includes a certificate of the ONU and a public key of the ONU. The OLT verifies the certificate of the ONU. After the verification succeeds, the OLT determines the shared key based on the first key algorithm and the public key of the ONU.

The present disclosure provides methods for secure communication. In an example method, an optical line terminal (OLT) sends a first message to an optical network unit (ONU), where the first message includes a first key algorithm, a certificate of the OLT, and a public key of the OLT, and the first key algorithm is a key algorithm supported by both the OLT and the ONU. The ONU verifies the certificate of the OLT, and after the verification succeeds, the ONU determines a shared key based on the first key algorithm and the public key of the OLT. The ONU sends a second message to the OLT, where the second message includes a certificate of the ONU and a public key of the ONU. The OLT verifies the certificate of the ONU. After the verification succeeds, the OLT determines the shared key based on the first key algorithm and the public key of the ONU.