An optical transmission apparatus (1_1) according to the present invention includes a first transmission unit (11_1) that transmits a first optical transmission signal (21_1), a second transmission unit (11_2) that transmits a second optical transmission signal (21_2), and an output unit that outputs, when the first optical transmission signal (21_1) and the second optical transmission signal (21_2) share a set of information, both the first optical transmission signal (21_1) and the second optical transmission signal (21_2) to a first path (26_1) and outputs, when the first optical transmission signal (21_1) and the second optical transmission signal (21_2) do not share the set of information, one of the first optical transmission signal (21_1) and the second optical transmission signal (21_2) to a second path (26_2).

A multi-core fiber includes: a plurality of cores; and a cladding portion formed around outer peripheries of the cores. Further, the cores each have a propagation characteristic conforming to any one of a plurality of standards for optical propagation characteristics, and of the cores, cores that are closest to each other conform to standards different from each other.

A multi-core fiber includes: a plurality of cores; and a cladding portion formed around outer peripheries of the cores. Further, the cores each have a propagation characteristic conforming to any one of a plurality of standards for optical propagation characteristics, and of the cores, cores that are closest to each other conform to standards different from each other.

The various embodiments provide an optical transmission system comprising an optical transmitter configured to transmit data over an optical fiber transmission channel made of a multi-core fiber, optical signals carrying the data propagate along the multi-core fiber according to two or more cores, each core being associated with one or more core parameters, wherein the optical transmission system comprises: a scrambling configuration device configured to determine a scrambling function depending on one or more of the core parameters associated with the two or more cores, and at least one scrambling device arranged in the optical fiber transmission channel for scrambling the two or more cores, each of the at least one scrambling device being configured to determine permuted cores by applying the scrambling function to the two or more cores and to redistribute the optical signals according to the permuted cores.

The various embodiments provide an optical transmission system comprising an optical transmitter configured to transmit data over an optical fiber transmission channel made of a multi-core fiber, optical signals carrying the data propagate along the multi-core fiber according to two or more cores, each core being associated with one or more core parameters, wherein the optical transmission system comprises: a scrambling configuration device configured to determine a scrambling function depending on one or more of the core parameters associated with the two or more cores, and at least one scrambling device arranged in the optical fiber transmission channel for scrambling the two or more cores, each of the at least one scrambling device being configured to determine permuted cores by applying the scrambling function to the two or more cores and to redistribute the optical signals according to the permuted cores.

A network or system in which a hub or primary node may communicate with a plurality of leaf or secondary nodes. The hub node may operate or have a capacity greater than that of the leaf nodes. Accordingly, relatively inexpensive leaf nodes may be deployed to receive data carrying optical signals from, and supply data carrying optical signals to, the hub node. One or more connections may couple each leaf node to the hub node, whereby each connection may include one or more spans or segments of optical fibers, optical amplifiers, optical splitters/combiners, and optical add/drop multiplexer, for example. Optical subcarriers may be transmitted over such connections, each carrying a data stream. The subcarriers may be generated by a combination of a laser and a modulator, such that multiple lasers and modulators are not required, and costs may be reduced. As the bandwidth or capacity requirements of the leaf nodes change, the number of subcarriers, and thus the amount of data provided to each node, may be changed accordingly. Each subcarrier within a dedicated group of subcarriers may carry OAM or control channel information to a corresponding leaf node, and such information may be used by the leaf node to configure the leaf node to have a desired bandwidth or capacity.

A smart light source configured for visible light communication. The light source includes a controller comprising a modem configured to receive a data signal and generate a driving current and a modulation signal based on the data signal. Additionally, the light source includes a light emitter configured as a pump-light device to receive the driving current for producing a directional electromagnetic radiation with a first peak wavelength in the ultra-violet or blue wavelength regime modulated to carry the data signal using the modulation signal. Further, the light source includes a pathway configured to direct the directional electromagnetic radiation and a wavelength converter optically coupled to the pathway to receive the directional electromagnetic radiation and to output a white-color spectrum. Furthermore, the light source includes a beam shaper configured to direct the white-color spectrum for illuminating a target of interest and transmitting the data signal.

An optical signal processing apparatus of an embodiment is an optical signal processing apparatus for separating and detecting an optical signal transmitted in a mode division multiplexing optical communication method by signal processing based on a multi-input multi-output (MIMO)-type linear filter. The device includes a signal processing unit configured to estimate weighting factors of the MIMO-type linear filter by sequential calculation based on an affine projection method. In the sequential calculation of the signal processing device, an output signal by the sequential calculation is expressed by a correlation vector indicating a correlation between the plurality of input signals, a smoothing prefilter vector indicating, of smoothing prefilter factors indicating a relationship between the weighting factors at current time and input signals from a first time being a past predetermined time to the current time, smoothing prefilter factors corresponding to each time from the first time to a second time that corresponds to an affine projection order in the affine projection method, and input signals from the first time to the second time.

An optical signal processing apparatus of an embodiment is an optical signal processing apparatus for separating and detecting an optical signal transmitted in a mode division multiplexing optical communication method by signal processing based on a multi-input multi-output (MIMO)-type linear filter. The device includes a signal processing unit configured to estimate weighting factors of the MIMO-type linear filter by sequential calculation based on an affine projection method. In the sequential calculation of the signal processing device, an output signal by the sequential calculation is expressed by a correlation vector indicating a correlation between the plurality of input signals, a smoothing prefilter vector indicating, of smoothing prefilter factors indicating a relationship between the weighting factors at current time and input signals from a first time being a past predetermined time to the current time, smoothing prefilter factors corresponding to each time from the first time to a second time that corresponds to an affine projection order in the affine projection method, and input signals from the first time to the second time.

A sourceless co-packaged optical-electrical chip can include a plurality of different optical transceivers, each of which can transmit to an external destination or internal components. Each of the transceivers can be configured for a different modulation format, such as different pulse amplitude, phase shift key, and quadrature amplitude modulation formats. Different light sources provide light for processing by the transceivers, where the light source and transceivers can be configured for different applications (e.g., different distances) and data rates. An optical coupler can combine the light for the different transceivers for input into the sourceless co-packaged optical-electrical chip via a polarization maintaining media (e.g., polarization maintaining few mode fiber and polarization maintaining single mode fiber), where another coupler operates in splitting mode to separate the different channels of light for the different transceivers according to different co-packaged configurations.