A lighting system comprises an excitor which drives at least one reactor. The reactor is an under-damped resonant circuit that includes a network of lighting elements in a reactive string and reactive components distributed among the lighting elements. These reactive components can regulate individual lighting elements. The lighting elements emit an AC luminous waveform which comprises a first phase and a second phase. Selected lighting elements can be modulated by a datastream. The modulated light moves through free-space to a receiving device.

A rotary joint includes a fixed unit and a rotating unit arranged substantially orthogonal to a center axis and facing one another, as well as a substantially cylindrical light guide member arranged therebetween. A light-emitting device and a light-receiving device are provided on each of the units. The light guide member is configured such that an amount of the light from the light-emitting device on the fixed unit that is received by the light-receiving device on the rotating unit and an amount of the light from the light-emitting device on the rotating unit that is received by the light-receiving device on the fixed unit both exceed a prescribed minimum amount regardless of rotational positions of the rotating unit.

Disclosed herein is an underwater visible light transceiving terminal, which is capable of easily receiving a visible-light signal transmitted from a certain direction, through an optical-fiber assembly composed of a plurality of optical fibers that are radially arranged, and which is capable of delivering data, sent from a main communication station, in several directions in the form of a visible-light signal in the water through the optical-fiber assembly, thus allowing a submarine or a submergence robot to effectively receive the visible-light signal.

Disclosed herein is an underwater visible light transceiving terminal, which is capable of easily receiving a visible-light signal transmitted from a certain direction, through an optical-fiber assembly composed of a plurality of optical fibers that are radially arranged, and which is capable of delivering data, sent from a main communication station, in several directions in the form of a visible-light signal in the water through the optical-fiber assembly, thus allowing a submarine or a submergence robot to effectively receive the visible-light signal.

A co-packaged optical module includes a substrate, a processor arranged on the substrate and a plurality of light engines mounted around the processor on the substrate using mounting assemblies configured to attach the respective light engines to the substrate. The light engines and the mounting assemblies are disposed along a perimeter of the substrate, including at corners of the substrate. Each of the mounting assemblies includes a socket, a metal clamp clamping a corresponding one of the light engines into the socket, and a plurality of pins which when mated with corresponding holes in the substrate cause peripheries of the mounting assemblies, including the light engines, the sockets and the metal clamps, to be flush with the perimeter of the substrate.

An optical connector of a power over fiber system includes a shutter. The shutter opens in conjunction with a connection operation to enable the connection and closes in conjunction with a disconnection operation to block feed light from exiting. A light receiving surface of the shutter is made of a wavelength conversion material. The light receiving surface receives the feed light when the shutter is closed. The optical connector is disposed at a feed-light output end in the power over fiber system.

A submarine optical repeater includes a submarine amplifier module, which further includes a pumping laser module and an optical detector module. The pumping laser module generates optical amplifications within an optical cable, and, in the case of a fault in the optical cable, the optical detector module detects at least one characteristic of an optical signal caused by the fault in the optical cable. This configuration then identifies a particular signal characteristic that indicates a fault within the optical cable.

A submarine optical repeater includes a submarine amplifier module, which further includes a pumping laser module and an optical detector module. The pumping laser module generates optical amplifications within an optical cable, and, in the case of a fault in the optical cable, the optical detector module detects at least one characteristic of an optical signal caused by the fault in the optical cable. This configuration then identifies a particular signal characteristic that indicates a fault within the optical cable.

Technologies pertaining to a chip with a refractive index gradient, including fabrication thereof, are generally described. The refractive index gradient may be formed by creating atomic scale inclusions throughout a thickness of the chip by inducing nanoporosity into the chip, dissociating and diffusing oxygen into the chip, or performing chemical vapor deposition. One or more integrated circuit (IC) components and optical transceiver devices may be provided by mounting, growing, or etching the IC components and optical transceiver devices at a surface of the chip. The optical transceiver devices may be configured to transmit and/or receive an optical communication signal to and/or from at least one IC component or other optical transceiver device via an optical communication path within the thickness of the chip. The optical communication path may include a direction and distance, within the thickness of the chip, based on the refractive index gradient and angle of incidence.

An optical power supply converter (1) that photoelectrically converts light from optical fiber cables comprises a reflecting unit (3) including a concave reflecting mirror (6) made of a rotating paraboloid, a light receiving element (2) including a light receiving surface (2a) at the focus of the mirror (6) orthogonal to the rotation axis of the mirror (6), and a plurality of mounting portions (9) for mounting the emitting ends (OE) of the fiber cables. The seperation distance (s), the shift distance (h) and the divergence angle (θ) are set appropriately so as to concentrate all reflected light on the light receiving surface (2a).