A communication system and method is described, including two or more transceivers at different locations, in which a region of the atmosphere at an altitude ranging from 150-350 KM is modified by applying an E-Field strength of 0.2V/m to create a High-Frequency Ionized Lines/High-Frequency Plasma Lines (HFIL/HFPL) region. The HFIL/HFPL region provides a means for incoming RF transmission signals to be isotropically repeated and received by transceivers at other distant locations within line-of-sight of the HFIL/HFPL region. Incoming RF transmissions into the HFIL/HFPL region may use radio frequencies ranging from 100 MHz-20 GHz. The system described offers a means for users to transmit data from one over-the-horizon location to another at distances up to 4800 km without wires or physical satellites.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system for generating electromagnetic waves having a fundamental wave mode, and directing the electromagnetic waves to an interface of a transmission medium for guiding propagation of the electromagnetic waves. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a system for generating electromagnetic waves having a fundamental wave mode, and directing the electromagnetic waves to an interface of a transmission medium for guiding propagation of the electromagnetic waves. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. More particularly, aspects of the present disclosure provide multiplexing schemes which may be suited for the single carrier waveform. For example, some techniques and apparatuses described herein permit multiplexing of multiple, different data streams without destroying the single-carrier properties of the waveform. Additionally, or alternatively, some techniques and apparatuses described herein may provide unequal error protection, unequal bandwidth allocation, and/or the like as part of the multiplexing schemes. Examples of multiplexing schemes described herein include in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) multiplexing, superposition quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) based at least in part on layered bit mapping, polarization division multiplexing of QAM with superposition coding, and frequency division multiplexing using UE-specific beams.

A quantum state measurement system includes a quantum state generator that generates an optical photon comprising a quantum state. A spectral converter modifies a spectrum of the optical photon and provides the optical photon comprising the quantum state with the modified spectrum. An optical switch switches the optical photon with the modified spectrum to one of a plurality of outputs. A measurement system determines a fidelity of the quantum state of the optical photon with the modified spectrum. A control system provides an electrical control signal to the quantum state generator in response to the determined fidelity of the quantum state that improves a fidelity of at least some subsequent generated optical photons comprising a quantum state that are generated by the quantum state generator after the optical photon.

A pipe has a longitudinal axis. A flex board extends along the longitudinal axis within the pipe and curls around the longitudinal axis. A cross-section of the flex board perpendicular to the longitudinal axis has a flex-board curve shape that has a first section on a first side of a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and a second section on a second side of the line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The first section has a first section shape and the second section has a second section shape. A first conductive stripe is coupled to the flex board, extends along the longitudinal axis, and follows the contour of the first section of the flex board. A second conductive stripe is coupled to the flex board, extends along the longitudinal axis, and follows the contour of the second section of the flex board.

A pipe has a longitudinal axis. A flex board extends along the longitudinal axis within the pipe and curls around the longitudinal axis. A cross-section of the flex board perpendicular to the longitudinal axis has a flex-board curve shape that has a first section on a first side of a line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and a second section on a second side of the line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The first section has a first section shape and the second section has a second section shape. A first conductive stripe is coupled to the flex board, extends along the longitudinal axis, and follows the contour of the first section of the flex board. A second conductive stripe is coupled to the flex board, extends along the longitudinal axis, and follows the contour of the second section of the flex board.

A system for enabling signal penetration into a building includes a first transceiver, located on an outside of the building, for transmitting and receiving signals at a first frequency outside of the building, wherein the signals at the first frequency do not easily penetrate into an interior of the building. A first up/down converter converts between a first version of the signals at the first frequency and a second version of the signals at a second frequency. The first frequency is higher than the second frequency and the signals at the second frequency better penetrate to the interior of the building and overcome losses caused by penetrating into an interior of the building. A second up/down converter converts between the second version of the signals at the second frequency that overcomes the losses caused by penetrating into the interior of the building and a third version of the signals after transmission from the building exterior to the building interior. A router transmits and receives the third version of the signals within the interior of the building.

A system for enabling signal penetration into a building includes a first transceiver, located on an outside of the building, for transmitting and receiving signals at a first frequency outside of the building, wherein the signals at the first frequency do not easily penetrate into an interior of the building. A first up/down converter converts between a first version of the signals at the first frequency and a second version of the signals at a second frequency. The first frequency is higher than the second frequency and the signals at the second frequency better penetrate to the interior of the building and overcome losses caused by penetrating into an interior of the building. A second up/down converter converts between the second version of the signals at the second frequency that overcomes the losses caused by penetrating into the interior of the building and a third version of the signals after transmission from the building exterior to the building interior. A router transmits and receives the third version of the signals within the interior of the building.

An electromagnetic wave induction device using smoke instead of antennas and a switch using the same adopt the smoke to realize the induction of the electromagnetic wave signal, and the smoke replaces the antenna as the receiving device, which is not susceptible to the environment and can be applied to occasions where antenna is limited. Smoke can reduce the safety hazard caused by the antenna, and can be recognized by the naked eye, so as to intuitively read signal transformation and realize the visualization of electromagnetic wave signal induction. Compared with the conventional electromagnetic wave induction device, the present invention provides a brand-new electromagnetic induction device. The antenna of the receiving portion is replaced by the smoke in the experimental cavity, and the smoke is directly used as a signal receiving device, which overcomes the antenna constraints in prior art.