A device for detecting an audio interface includes a processing unit, a first audio interface transmitting circuit, and a second audio interface transmitting circuit. The processing unit is utilized to generate a clock signal and a word select (WS) signal. The first audio interface transmitting circuit is utilized to generate a first audio data according to the clock signal. The second audio interface transmitting circuit is utilized to generate a second audio data according to the clock signal and the WS signal. The processing unit switches to the first audio interface transmitting circuit if a voltage potential of the WS signal remains at a high voltage level or remains at a low voltage level longer than a predetermined period. The processing unit switches to the second audio interface transmitting circuit if the voltage potential of the WS signal changes during the predetermined period.

A device for detecting an audio interface includes a processing unit, a first audio interface transmitting circuit, and a second audio interface transmitting circuit. The processing unit is utilized to generate a clock signal and a word select (WS) signal. The first audio interface transmitting circuit is utilized to generate a first audio data according to the clock signal. The second audio interface transmitting circuit is utilized to generate a second audio data according to the clock signal and the WS signal. The processing unit switches to the first audio interface transmitting circuit if a voltage potential of the WS signal remains at a high voltage level or remains at a low voltage level longer than a predetermined period. The processing unit switches to the second audio interface transmitting circuit if the voltage potential of the WS signal changes during the predetermined period.

Communication systems are described that use signal constellations, which have unequally spaced (i.e. ‘geometrically’ shaped) points. In many embodiments, the communication systems use specific geometric constellations that are capacity optimized at a specific SNR. In addition, ranges within which the constellation points of a capacity optimized constellation can be perturbed and are still likely to achieve a given percentage of the optimal capacity increase compared to a constellation that maximizes d.sub.min, are also described. Capacity measures that are used in the selection of the location of constellation points include, but are not limited to, parallel decode (PD) capacity and joint capacity.

A communication system for current-modulated transmission of data via a current loop—into which a master device and at least one slave device are looped. The at least one slave device has a switching means that is actuable by an evaluation and control unit and that is configured to short a current loop in the closed state, wherein the evaluation and control unit is configured to temporarily close and then reopen the switching means during a system configuration detection phase. An evaluation and control unit of the master device—is configured to detect when the at least one slave device is looped into the current loop.

An illustrative receiver includes: a decision element that derives symbol decisions from a slicer input signal; an equalizer that converts a receive signal into the slicer input signal; a summer that combines the symbol decisions with the slicer input signal to produce an error signal; and a level finder that operates on said signals to determine thresholds at which each signal has a given probability of exceeding the threshold. One illustrative level finder circuit includes: a gated comparator and an asymmetric accumulator. The gated comparator asserts a first or a second gated output signal to indicate when an input signal exceeds or falls below a threshold with a programmable condition being met. The asymmetric accumulator adapts the threshold using up steps for assertions of the first gated output signal and down steps for assertions of the second gated output signal, with the up-step size being different than the down-step size.

An illustrative receiver includes: a decision element that derives symbol decisions from a slicer input signal; an equalizer that converts a receive signal into the slicer input signal; a summer that combines the symbol decisions with the slicer input signal to produce an error signal; and a level finder that operates on said signals to determine thresholds at which each signal has a given probability of exceeding the threshold. One illustrative level finder circuit includes: a gated comparator and an asymmetric accumulator. The gated comparator asserts a first or a second gated output signal to indicate when an input signal exceeds or falls below a threshold with a programmable condition being met. The asymmetric accumulator adapts the threshold using up steps for assertions of the first gated output signal and down steps for assertions of the second gated output signal, with the up-step size being different than the down-step size.

A jitter determination method for determining at least one jitter component of an input signal is described, wherein the input signal is generated by a signal source, comprising: receiving and/or generating probability data containing information on a collective probability density function of a random jitter component of the input signal and a other bounded uncorrelated jitter component of the input signal; determining a standard deviation of the random jitter component based on the probability data; determining a RJ probability density function associated with the random jitter component based on the standard deviation; and determining a OBUJ probability density function associated with the other bounded uncorrelated jitter component, wherein the OBUJ probability density function is determined based on the probability data and based on the probability density function that is associated with the random jitter component. Further, a measurement instrument is described.

A waveform correction apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a first signal and a second signal from a signal transmission apparatus, the first signal being a PAM4 signal having a data pattern of a bit array in which gray coding is performed, and the second signal being a PAM4 signal having a data pattern of a bit array in which the gray coding is not performed, and a processor coupled to the receiver and configured to adjust a number of taps in an equalizer based on a difference between correct count values of forward error correction performed on the respective data patterns of the first signal and the second signal.

The present invention relates to a 5th-generation (5G) or pre-5G communication system to be provided in order to support a higher data transmission rate than a beyond 4th-generation (4G) communication system such as long term evolution (LTE). The present invention relates to a signal transmission method of a radio frequency (RF) processing device, the method comprising the steps of: generating a pulse signal including a control signal and a clock signal for obtaining synchronization with another RF processing device, which is connected through an interface; and transmitting, to the another RF processing device, at least one from among the pulse signal, a RF signal for communication with a base station, and a power signal for supplying power to the another RF processing device, wherein the clock signal and the control signal are assigned to different time units, and the pulse signal, the RF signal and the power signal are signals of different frequency bands.

Techniques facilitating reduction and/or mitigation of crosstalk in quantum bit gates of a quantum computing circuit are provided. A system can comprise a memory that stores computer executable components and a processor that executes the computer executable components stored in the memory. The computer executable components can comprise a signal generation component that implements a control sequence that comprises a single pulse type for a first quantum bit and at least a second quantum bit of a quantum circuit. The computer-executable components can also comprise a coordination component that synchronizes a first pulse of a first channel of the first quantum bit and at least a second pulse of at least a second channel of the second quantum bit. The coordination component can simultaneously apply the first pulse to the first quantum bit and at least the second pulse to at least the second quantum bit.