The present disclosure relates a switching matrix (100) comprising: a two-dimensional array of n input/output nodes (102), where n is equal to at least four; and a board comprising n network switches, one for each input/output node (102), each network switch coupling its corresponding input/output node to each of first and second switch connection points of the network switch; and, on a first side, a first switching network and on a second side, a second switching network.

A signal strength indicator circuit, configured to detect a power of an output signal outputted by a power amplifier, includes a voltage gain circuit, a current gain circuit, a multiplier, and a buffer stage. The voltage gain circuit provides a first gain to the output signal to generate a first value of an indicating voltage when a voltage of the output signal is not greater than a threshold, and provides a second gain to generate a second value of the indicating voltage when the voltage of the output signal is greater than the threshold. The first gain is greater than the second gain. The current gain circuit generates an indicating current according to an input signal corresponding to the output signal. The multiplier multiplies the indicating voltage and the indicating current to generate an indicating power. The buffer stage converts the indicating power to the indicating signal.

A testing system may include a test electronic device having a test antenna disposed in a first signal path of a first antenna array of an electronic device. The test antenna may receive a first signal from the first antenna array. The testing system may also include a reflector disposed in a second signal path of a second antenna array of the electronic device. The reflector may reflect a second signal from the second antenna array to the test antenna. The reflector may include a flat, parabolic, or elliptical curvature that reflects a radio frequency signal emitted by the second antenna array to the test antenna.

A method and an apparatus for fault mitigation in a base station are disclosed. According to an embodiment, a faulty antenna element in an antenna array is detected. The antenna array transmits a first beam covering a predetermined range of directions. A target direction in which radiation power dropped due to a fault of the detected faulty antenna element is determined. A second beam pointing to the determined target direction is generated.

The present invention provides a calibration method of a transmitter, wherein the transmitter includes a power amplifier, a transformer, an adjusting circuit and a coupling circuit, wherein the power amplifier receives an input signal to generate an amplified input signal, the transformer receives the amplified input signal to generate an output signal, the adjusting circuit adjusts phase and amplitude of a common mode signal of the amplified input signal to generate a first signal, and the coupling circuit generates a coupled signal to the output signal according to the first signal. In addition, the calibration method includes: controlling the adjusting circuit to have multiple combination; calculating a strength of a second harmonic of the output signal under each combination; and determining a specific condition according to the intensities of the second harmonics under the combinations.

Indicating to a receiver node in a network that the receiver node should begin tracking signal to noise ratio (SNR) of a received signal for a new power and rate (PAR) interval for data sent from a transmitter node. A method includes determining that a new PAR interval is beginning. The method further includes adding an identifier to a data block. The identifier corresponds to the new PAR interval. The method further includes sending the data block from the transmitter node to the receiver node, where the receiver node will use the identifier to determine that a new tracking interval of SNR should be performed for the data block and subsequent data blocks having the identifier.

Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for beam refinement procedures including dynamic signaling and/or selection of beam-switching latency for beam refinement procedures using inter- and/or intra-antenna module beam switching. A method by a base station (BS) includes configuring a user equipment (UE) with one or more reference signal (RS) resource sets. Each of the one or more RS resource sets is associated with a first or second type of beam refinement procedure. The BS receives an indication from the UE of at least a first latency and a second latency, longer than the first latency. The BS dynamically selects, for each RS transmission using one of the configured resource sets, the first or second latency. The BS sends the RS transmissions at the selected latency with respect to downlink control information (DCI) triggering the RS transmissions for the first or second type of beam refinement procedure.

A method and electronic device are provided for adjusting an output power of an RF signal to be output to an antenna, based on a proximity of an object and a shape (or configuration) of the electronic device. The electronic device may include a proximity sensor, an antenna corresponding to the proximity sensor, a power amplifier corresponding to the antenna, and a processor configured to control the power amplifier to output a first RF signal having a first output power to the antenna, identify the antenna corresponding to the proximity sensor, based on proximity of an object being detected by the proximity sensor, identify, using a power table configured for the antenna, a second output power corresponding to a shape of the electronic device and the proximity of the object being detected, wherein the second output power is different from the first output power, and control the power amplifier to output a second RF signal having the second output power, to the antenna.

Disclosed are a test instrument and testing methods for audibly providing signal metrics (such as signal strength and/or signal quality) of fifth-generation network (5G) beams to assist installation of 5G Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) antenna at a premises. A test instrument may obtain signal metrics and provide audio output based on the signal metrics at various locations of the premises. The audio output may be transmitted to a headphone device worn by a user. In this manner, the user may select an appropriate location on the premises at which to install the 5G CPE antenna via audible queues that are based on the measured signal metric at a given location. The test instrument may provide fine-tuning capabilities by also audibly providing directional information that indicates where the 5G CPE antenna should be pointed or moved to align the 5G CPE antenna to a 5G beam.

Cell acquisition is disclosed in frequency diversity configured for frame based equipment (FBE) access, such as using opportunistic frequency switching. A user equipment (UE) begins cell acquisition by synchronizing to an available communication channel of an available cell in response to detection of a synchronization signal block (SSB) associated with a network on which the UE communicates. The UE receives system information associated with the available cell from a serving base station, wherein the system information includes identification of at least: a link indicator identifying linked communication channels available for opportunistic switching, sensing occasion offsets for each of the linked channels, and access information associated with each of the linked channels. The UE measures a channel quality for each available channel. The base station transmits this system information on each of the linked channels and then monitors the allocated random access resources for signals from the UEs.