The present invention relates generally to the manufacture of conductive scaffolds of micro and/or nanofibers with the help of different printing techniques (e.g., near-field electrostatic printing, inkjet printing), such scaffolds enabling the formation of two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) neural networks to mimic the native counterparts. Applications of such patterned conductive scaffolds include, but are not limited to, an engineered conduit for guiding the differentiation and outgrowth of neural cells in peripheral nerve damage or in large-volume spinal cord injury under the electrical stimulation. Meanwhile, the scaffolds could also locally deliver various biomolecules in conjunction with electrical stimulation for facilitated nervous system regeneration.

Systems and methods for providing an antibiofilm, antimicrobial coating are disclosed. In some implementations, the coating includes a nanotexture having an anti-bacterial topology, and in some implementations, the coating includes an antimicrobial layer having antibacterial characteristics. In some cases, the antimicrobial layer is formed on the nanotexture, and in some implementations, the two work synergistically to produce a compounding effect to drastically reduce the viability of one or more microorganisms. According to some implementations, the nanotexture includes carbon-infiltrated carbon nanotubes, and according to some implementations, the antimicrobial layer includes copper. Additional implementations are described.