Described is a method of audio processing in a HbbTV terminal device. The method includes receiving a decoded broadcast feed including a first audio track, receiving HbbTV content relating to the broadcast feed, the HbbTV content including a second audio track, extracting level-related information from the decoded broadcast feed, wherein the level-related information is embedded in the decoded broadcast feed and enables to obtain an indication of an original audio level of the first audio track, analyzing the first audio track for determining an actual audio level of the first audio track, determining a gain factor based on the actual audio level and the original audio level, and generating a third audio track for output by the HbbTV terminal device based on the first audio track, the second audio track, and the gain factor. Also described is an apparatus for carrying out the method, as well as corresponding programs and computer-readable storage media.

Methods and apparatus to audio watermarking and watermark detection and extracted are described herein. An example method includes receiving a media content signal, sampling the media content signal to generate samples, storing the samples in a buffer, determining a first sequence of samples in the buffer, determining a second sequence of samples in the buffer, wherein the second sequence of samples is of substantially equal length as the first sequence of samples, calculating an average of the first sequence of samples and the second sequence of samples to generate an average sequence of samples, extracting an identifier from the average sequence of samples, and storing the identifier in a tangible memory.

A method of providing a broadcast content, comprising: receiving a broadcast content from an external input source, the broadcast content derived from a broadcast stream, wherein the broadcast content includes a plurality of watermarks carrying fragments of full watermark information, wherein the full watermark information includes first URL data and second URL data, the first URL data including signaling bits which identify a portion of a final URL, the second URL data including the rest of the final URL, wherein values of the signaling bits are pre-assigned to specific URL strings, wherein the full watermark information further includes type information and point information, the type information specifying type of a corresponding watermark, and the point information identifying where the corresponding watermark is embedded in the broadcast content; extracting the watermarks from the broadcast content; re-assembling the full watermark information using the watermarks.

Determining effect of changes in parameters may include, during a time interval, rotating from setting a first parameter to a first value for a first time period, to setting the first parameter to a second value for a second time period such that the time interval includes multiple first time periods with the first parameter set to the first value sequenced with multiple second time periods with the first parameter set to the second value; obtaining, for the time interval, a first set of ratings corresponding to the first time periods and a second set of ratings corresponding to the second time periods; averaging, for the time interval, the first set of ratings to a first average rating and the second set of ratings to a second average rating; and correlating the first average rating to the first value and the second average rating to the second value.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to measure exposure to streaming media are disclosed. An example apparatus to measure media exposure, the apparatus including memory, computer readable instructions, and processor circuitry to execute the computer readable instructions to obtain an image of streaming media presented by a media device, the media device separate from the processor circuitry, extract a video watermark from a chroma key of the obtained image, convert the video watermark into text formatted metadata, and transmit the text formatted metadate to a central facility.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture (e.g., physical storage media) to implement flexible commercial monitoring for television audience measurement are disclosed. Example television audience measurement systems disclosed herein include a flexible commercial detector to detect whether a first watermark decoded from a television program broadcast signal is a bridge watermark that indicates a portion of the television broadcast signal including the bridge watermark is associated with a flexible commercial insertion event, the flexible commercial insertion event corresponding to insertion of a flexible commercial in the portion of the television broadcast signal. Disclosed example television audience measurement systems also include a commercial metric calculator to credit audience exposure associated with the portion of the television broadcast signal to a flexible commercial crediting metric in response to a determination that the first watermark is the bridge watermark.

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed herein to identify media presentation by analyzing network traffic. Example instructions cause a machine to generate a traffic profile to reduce a computational burden of identifying streaming media being presented on a media presentation device, the traffic profile including first network traffic data indicative of the streaming media; obtain the traffic profile and second network traffic data corresponding to the streaming media; and generate, in response to a score for the second network traffic data meeting a threshold of similarity, a network traffic analysis report identifying the streaming media being presented on the media presentation device.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for supplementing partially readable and/or inaccurate codes. An example apparatus includes a watermark analyzer to select a first watermark and a second watermark decoded from media; a comparator to compare a first decoded timestamp of the first watermark to a second decoded timestamp of the second watermark; and a timestamp adjuster to adjust the second decoded timestamp based on the first decoded timestamp of the second watermark when at least a threshold number of symbols of the second decoded timestamp match corresponding symbols of the first decoded timestamp.

Methods and apparatus to perform audio watermarking and watermark detection and extraction are disclosed. Example apparatus disclosed herein are to select frequency components to be used to represent a code, different sets of frequency components to represent respectively different information, respective ones of the frequency components in the sets of frequency components located in respective code bands, there being multiple code bands and spacing between adjacent code bands being equal to or less than the spacing between adjacent frequency components in the code bands. Disclosed example apparatus are also to synthesize the frequency components to be used to represent the code, combine the synthesized frequency components with an audio block of an audio signal, and output the audio signal and a video signal associated with the audio signal.

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to perform audio sensor selection in an audience metering device are disclosed. An example method includes identifying a plurality of audio sensor configurations supported by the audience metering device. A first quality metric of a first media identifier determined from first audio received via a first one of the audio sensor configurations is computed. A second quality metric of a second media identifier determined from second audio received via a second one of the audio sensor configurations is computed. One of the first one of the audio sensor configurations or the second one of the audio sensor configurations is selected based on a comparison of the first quality metric and the second quality metric. Media monitoring is performed at the audience metering device using the selected one of the audio sensor configurations.