Methods and apparatus for preventing physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) ambiguities or collisions, for example, in a multi-carrier system or when transmitting multiple streams over multiple antennas, are described. Methods may include dividing resources or groups among multiple component carriers (CCs), using and assigning unused or vacant resources to CCs, forcing usage of adaptive HARQ processes in specified scenarios, setting a value for the cyclic shift of the corresponding uplink demodulation reference signals (DMRS) to a previous value for semi-persistent scheduling, and assigning a different first resource block for semi-persistent scheduling uplink resources and random access response grants for multiple CCs.

It is possible to efficiently transmit and receive signals containing uplink control information between a base station apparatus and a mobile station apparatus. eREG is configured with a plurality of resources into which one DL PRB pair is divided, eCCE is configured with an aggregation of a plurality of eREGs, a second PDCCH is configured with an aggregation of one or more eCCEs, a PUCCH resource corresponds to each eCCE, a first reception processing unit receives information indicating a plurality of second PDCCH regions and information indicating a PUCCH resource in which association with eCCE of the second PDCCH region for each second PDCCH region is started, from the base station apparatus, and a first control unit configures a PUCCH resource, in which association with eCCE of the second PDCCH region is started, for each second PDCCH region, based on the received information.

In a method for serial communication of data frames between nodes connected by a bus system, the transmitter and receiver roles are assigned to the nodes for each data frame by the arbitration procedure defined in the CAN-Standard ISO 11898-1. The exchanged data frames, which include multiple bits, have a logical structure according to the CAN-Standard ISO 11898-1, including a Start-Of-Frame-Bit, an Arbitration Field, a Control Field, a Data Field, a CRC Field, an Acknowledge Field and an End-Of-Frame Field. Each bit has a bit time which is divided into Time Segments. In response to a predefined value of a specific bit within the Control Field a first node of a first node group restarts its protocol decoding state machine and waits until it has synchronized itself to the bus activity and a second node of a second node group communicates using CAN FD Specification protocol.

In a method for serial communication of data frames between nodes connected by a bus system, the transmitter and receiver roles are assigned to the nodes for each data frame by the arbitration procedure defined in the CAN-Standard ISO 11898-1. The exchanged data frames, which include multiple bits, have a logical structure according to the CAN-Standard ISO 11898-1, including a Start-Of-Frame-Bit, an Arbitration Field, a Control Field, a Data Field, a CRC Field, an Acknowledge Field and an End-Of-Frame Field. Each bit has a bit time which is divided into Time Segments. In response to a predefined value of a specific bit within the Control Field a first node of a first node group restarts its protocol decoding state machine and waits until it has synchronized itself to the bus activity and a second node of a second node group communicates using CAN FD Specification protocol.

An outdoor satellite receiving unit (ODU) receives several independent satellite signals, selects two signals with a switch matrix, downconverts the two signals to a bandstacked signal with a high and a low band signal, and outputs the bandstacked signal on the same cable to receiver units. Several satellite signals can be selected in groups of two or more and output to independent receiver units. Signal selecting is performed at the received radio frequency (RF) and bandstacking is performed with a single downconversion step to an intermediate frequency (IF). Channel stacking on the same cable of more than two channels from several satellites can be achieved by using frequency agile downconverters and bandpass filters prior to combining at the IF output. A slow transitioning switch minimizes signal disturbances when switching and maintains input impedance at a constant value.

A method according to an embodiment of the invention includes receiving and transmitting signals over a time division duplex (TDD) communication path. Signals are received over the TDD communication path via a first portion of a first frequency band. The first frequency band is adjacent to a second frequency band and to a third frequency band. The first frequency band is different from the second frequency band and from the third frequency band. A first frequency division duplex (FDD) communication path can be operable in the second frequency band. A second FDD communication path can be operable in the third frequency band. Signals are transmitted over the TDD communication path via a second portion of the first frequency band that is different from the first portion of the first frequency band.

A method according to an embodiment of the invention includes receiving and transmitting signals over a time division duplex (TDD) communication path. Signals are received over the TDD communication path via a first portion of a first frequency band. The first frequency band is adjacent to a second frequency band and to a third frequency band. The first frequency band is different from the second frequency band and from the third frequency band. A first frequency division duplex (FDD) communication path can be operable in the second frequency band. A second FDD communication path can be operable in the third frequency band. Signals are transmitted over the TDD communication path via a second portion of the first frequency band that is different from the first portion of the first frequency band.

Disclosed herein are a Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM)-based broadcast relay apparatus and method. The LDM-based broadcast relay apparatus includes a first layer symbol generation unit for outputting a first layer broadcast signal based on a received Layered Division Multiplexed (LDM) broadcast signal, a data buffer unit for storing the received LDM broadcast signal for a delay time before the first layer broadcast signal is output, and a second layer symbol generation unit for outputting a second layer broadcast signal by eliminating the first layer broadcast signal from the stored broadcast signal.

Based on a count value held by a transmission counter, an information multiplex apparatus forms multiplexed transmission data by selecting or dividing at least part of each of two or more information items, based on the respective sizes of the two or more information items, a counter period of the transmission counter, and a transmission margin degree.

Based on a count value held by a transmission counter, an information multiplex apparatus forms multiplexed transmission data by selecting or dividing at least part of each of two or more information items, based on the respective sizes of the two or more information items, a counter period of the transmission counter, and a transmission margin degree.