A serial communication apparatus capable of efficiently eliminating a timing lag between serial data transferred via a plurality of routes in serial communication is provided. The serial communication apparatus transfers serial data transmitted from a transmitting side communication unit disposed on a transmitting side to a receiving side communication unit disposed on a receiving side via a plurality of lanes. The transmitting side communication unit comprises a packet transmitting unit configured to divide transmission data into equal parts according to the number of the lanes, distribute the divided transmission data to each lane as a data main body, and add header information indicating the type of the transmission data to the divided transmission data distributed to each lane. The receiving side communication unit comprises a received packet skew adjusting unit configured to adjust skew of data received in each lane.

An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling time interleaver information shared by the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal, using the time-interleaved signal.

Techniques are described herein for efficient processing of Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) based signals. In one example embodiment, a system includes a first TDM card, a second TDM card, and a processor in communication with the first TDM card and the second TDM card. The second TDM card hosts an aggregation process configured to aggregate a first TDM based signal and a second TDM based signal into a combined TDM based signal. The processor is configured to obtain a packetized version of the first TDM based signal from the first TDM card and provide the packetized version of the first TDM based signal to the second TDM card. The processor is further configured to prompt one or more packet cards to output packets based on the combined TDM based signal.

Disclosed is a method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving data via a MAC protocol in a mobile communication system. The method includes inputting at least one Service Data Unit (SDU) containing transmission data through a corresponding logical channel and generating at least one first Protocol Data Unit (PDU) that includes said at least one SDU without including multiplexing information for identification of the logical channel, by a first transmission entity; acquiring the first PDU and generating a second PDU including the first PDU in a payload of the second PDU, by a second transmission entity that operates between the first transmission entity and a physical layer; inserting the multiplexing information for identification of the logical channel corresponding to said at least one first PDU into header information of the second PDU; and transmitting the second PDU through the physical layer. The method can reduce load due to additional processing, such as a bit operation or memory copying, in a receiver requiring high speed data transmission.

A method, an apparatus and a VTEP for synchronizing MAC address are provided. According to the method, first mapping relationship configured on first aggregation/IPP port of first VTEP is notified to second VTEP in a same MLAG system. The second VTEP configures the relationship on second aggregation/IPP port of the second VETP. The relationship represents a mapping relationship of first tag ID of first port of the first VTEP to first VXLAN ID. Second tag ID of second port of the second VTEP differs from the first tag ID. The first VTEP receives a successful configuration message returned by the second VTEP after successfully configuring the relationship on the second IPP port. The first VTEP then sends first MAC address to the second IPP port via the first IPP port, wherein the first MAC address is the MAC address of a device accessing the first VTEP via the first port.

A method and an apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals thereof are disclosed. The apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, the apparatus comprises an encoder for encoding service data corresponding to each of a plurality of data transmission path, wherein each of the data transmission path carries at least one service component, a frame builder for building at least one signal frame included in a super frame, wherein each of signal frames includes the encoded service data and the encoded signaling data, a modulator for modulating the at least one signal frame by an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) scheme, wherein each of the modulated signal frame includes a preamble having basic transmission parameters, wherein a length of the preamble is extendable and a transmitter for transmitting the broadcast signals carrying the at least one modulated signal frame.

A transmitting system includes a variable-length packet multiplexing apparatus and a transmission slotting apparatus. The variable-length packet multiplexing apparatus generates a variable-length packet. The transmission slotting apparatus stores the variable-length packet in slots forming transmission main signals. The transmission slotting apparatus includes a capacity calculator, an extractor, a remainder calculator, a selector, and a slot information multiplexer. The capacity calculator calculates a data capacity of the transmission main signals for one frame. The extractor extracts a byte number of the variable-length packet. The remainder calculator calculates a remaining capacity of the transmission main signals. The selector stores a predetermined data sequence in a region left in the slots, and outputs the slots storing the data sequence. The slot information multiplexer multiplexes slot information and the slots output by the selector.

In a method of generating a field of a physical layer (PHY) preamble of a data unit, information bits to be included in the field are generated. Respective sets of tail bits are appended after respective sets of information bits corresponding to respective ones of a plurality of groups of subfields of the field, each group including one or more of the subfields of the field, to generate an encoder input bit stream. One or more padding bits are added to the encoder input stream to generate a padded encoder input bit stream, the one or more padding bits to ensure an integer number of puncturing blocks in an encoded output bit stream. The padded encoder input bit stream is encoded to generate the encoded output bit stream. The field is generated to include at least some bits from the encoded output bit stream.

In one embodiment, a device receives data indicative of a routing topology of a network. The network includes a root node and each node in the network has an associated network depth relative to the root. The device selects a first subset of timeslots from a slotframe of a communication schedule based on the network depth of a particular node in the network. The device selects a second subset of timeslots from the first subset, based on a media access control (MAC) address of the particular node. The device assigns the second subset of timeslots to the particular node for reception in the slotframe of the communication schedule. The device sends the communication schedule to one or more nodes in the network.

A system and method for real-time data transfer on a system-on-chip (SoC) allows MIPI-CSI (camera serial interface) data received on a first interface to be output on another MIPI-CSI interface without using system memory or delaying the loopback path. The system includes a CSI receiver, a loopback buffer, and a CSI transmitter. The loopback buffer is used for the data transfer between the CSI receiver and the CSI transmitter. The CSI transmitter receives a payload included in a data packet from the CSI receiver by way of the loopback buffer. The CSI receiver communicates a packet header of the data packet to the CSI transmitter. The CSI transmitter reads the payload from the loopback buffer based on the packet header and at least one of a buffer threshold capacity and payload size.