This invention has an object to provide a means for providing a calcium phosphate sintered body particle group that does not cause a phenomenon of bubble generation in any use mode thereof, and further has a smaller particle diameter. There is provided a ceramic particle group containing spherical ceramic particles, which is characterized in that the ceramic particle has a particle diameter within a range of 10 nm to 700 nm, and is a calcium phosphate sintered body particle, and further the ceramic particle group contains no calcium carbonate.

A material for a bone implant contains: (a) a carrier structure having a surface that has at least one biocompatible material; (b) a matrix covalently bound to the surface; and (c) calcium phosphate embedded in the matrix. A medically acceptable, highly compatible and versatile material can be provided, if the matrix has at least one polysaccharide.

The invention provides a neural electrode, including a current generation device, a first and a second electrode. The current generation device is connected to the first and second electrodes through a conductive metal wire respectively. At least one of the first and second electrodes is a graphene electrode. The graphene electrode has soft texture and desirable stability to tolerate the repeated pressing and folding treatment, very high charge injection efficiency, and desirable in vivo stability, and is configured to electrically stimulate tissues and organs such as hearts and nerves to promote electrical stimulation and repair of neurons, to further promote regeneration of neural functions. The invention further provides use of a mineralized three-dimensional porous graphene foam material to prepare a bone defect filler. The bone defect filler has desirable biological compatibility, promotes cell proliferation, and accelerates and induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

A vascular device for insertion in a body lumen, wherein the device includes a surface including at least a portion that is a functionalized surface provided with double or more charged ions such that the ions are exposed to a bodily fluid when the vascular device is inserted in the body lumen. The vascular device allows for reducing complications in its use and, particularly, for improving a desired healing in the body and preventing restenosis. At the same time, it allows for being manufactured at comparably low effort and for a convenient handling.

A vascular device for insertion in a body lumen, wherein the device includes a surface including at least a portion that is a functionalized surface provided with double or more charged ions such that the ions are exposed to a bodily fluid when the vascular device is inserted in the body lumen. The vascular device allows for reducing complications in its use and, particularly, for improving a desired healing in the body and preventing restenosis. At the same time, it allows for being manufactured at comparably low effort and for a convenient handling.

An implant comprises a metal body having a ceramic coating comprising monoclinic and orthorhombic phases of zirconium oxide ZrO2 and at least one multi-metal phosphate from the group comprising l-IV metal phosphates. A method of forming an implant is provided. A method of applying a ceramic coating to a metal body comprises the step of electrochemical oxidation of at least a portion of the surface of a metal body in aqueous electrolyte; in which the electrolyte contains at least two elements from a group consisting of zirconium, titanium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, fluoride, potassium, sodium, strontium, sulphur, argentum, zinc, copper, silicon, gallium; in which electrochemical oxidation is conducted in a plasma discharge (PEO) mode for at least one interval of time, and non-discharge modes for at least two intervals of time.

An implant comprises a metal body having a ceramic coating comprising monoclinic and orthorhombic phases of zirconium oxide ZrO2 and at least one multi-metal phosphate from the group comprising l-IV metal phosphates. A method of forming an implant is provided. A method of applying a ceramic coating to a metal body comprises the step of electrochemical oxidation of at least a portion of the surface of a metal body in aqueous electrolyte; in which the electrolyte contains at least two elements from a group consisting of zirconium, titanium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, fluoride, potassium, sodium, strontium, sulphur, argentum, zinc, copper, silicon, gallium; in which electrochemical oxidation is conducted in a plasma discharge (PEO) mode for at least one interval of time, and non-discharge modes for at least two intervals of time.

Provided are a medical material for promoting cell growth and inhibiting bacterial adhesion and a machining method thereof. The machining method comprises: modifying a surface component of the medical material; preparing a micro-nano structure formed by superposing multiple levels of sizes; and selecting one of the two steps above, or carrying out component modification on a surface of the medical material first and then forming the micro-nano structure by superposing the multiple levels of sizes. The micro-nano structure formed by superposing the multiple levels of sizes comprises a first-level structure which is a micron-level groove structure, a second-level structure which is a submicron-level stripe structure or an array protrusion structure and a third-level structure which is a nano-level protrusion structure, the second-level structure is distributed on a surface of the first-level structure, and the third-level structure is distributed on a surface of the second-level structure.

Provided are a medical material for promoting cell growth and inhibiting bacterial adhesion and a machining method thereof. The machining method comprises: modifying a surface component of the medical material; preparing a micro-nano structure formed by superposing multiple levels of sizes; and selecting one of the two steps above, or carrying out component modification on a surface of the medical material first and then forming the micro-nano structure by superposing the multiple levels of sizes. The micro-nano structure formed by superposing the multiple levels of sizes comprises a first-level structure which is a micron-level groove structure, a second-level structure which is a submicron-level stripe structure or an array protrusion structure and a third-level structure which is a nano-level protrusion structure, the second-level structure is distributed on a surface of the first-level structure, and the third-level structure is distributed on a surface of the second-level structure.

The present disclosure relates generally to tissue engineering. Disclosed herein are biomimetic sponges useful for tissue regeneration and methods for making biomimetic sponges.