Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A base station may determine a terrestrial characteristic of a cell associated with the base station. A UE may perform a synchronization procedure with the cell and may receive, as part of the synchronization procedure, broadcast signaling associated with the cell. The broadcast signaling may identify the terrestrial characteristic of the cell. The base station may initiate communications with the UE based on the broadcast signaling including the indication of the terrestrial characteristic of the cell.

A base station can select orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) numerologies that define subcarrier spacing values based on attributes associated with one or more services that a user equipment (UE) is using. The base station can use the selected OFDM numerologies for transmission associated with the services. When the UE is using multiple services simultaneously, the base station can select the same or different OFDM numerologies for the multiple services.

Methods, apparatuses, and systems are described for wireless communications. A transmission timing difference between a first cell group and a second cell group may be determined. If the transmission timing difference exceeds a threshold, one or more devices may stop transmitting uplink signals via one or more secondary cells and/or may not apply the timing adjustment for a cell group.

Prior art includes complex clock synchronization in 5G and 6G based on precision time measurements and multiple message exchanges. Disclosed is a simpler synchronization procedure suitable for reduced-capability receivers as well as high-performance users. The base station can transmit a brief signal on a specific subcarrier, surrounded fore and aft by silent periods, and the receiver can measure the signals in the silent periods to detect intrusion of the signal into one or the other silent periods, thereby indicating a timing offset. Alternatively, the base station can transmit a brief signal spanning an interface between subsequent symbol-times, and the receiver can measure the energy received in the two symbol-times, thereby detecting an offset. In either case, and other versions disclosed, the receiver can calculate the size and direction of the clock offset by amplitude measurements, and apply a correction without further communications between the user device and the base station.

An information receiving method, an information sending method, and a device are provided. Under these methods, a timing adjustment amount can be determined by a first access network device. The timing adjustment amount is an adjustment amount between a first timing at which the first access network device sends a first downlink signal to a first terminal device on a first frequency band and a second timing at which the first access network device sends a second downlink signal to the first terminal device on a second frequency band. The first frequency band and the second frequency band are paired frequency bands. First indication information can be sent, by the first access network device, to the first terminal device. The first indication information indicates the timing adjustment amount.

The scheduling flexibility of CSI reference signals enables time and frequency synchronization using multiple non-zero CSI-RSs transmitted in the same subframe, or using CSI-RSs transmitted in the same subframe with other synchronization signals. Also, multiple synchronization signals may be scheduled in the same subframe to enable fine time and frequency synchronization without cell-specific reference signals.

A method and apparatus for implementing reference signal transmissions in a wireless communication system. In one embodiment, the method includes the cell, transmission point (TP), or transmission and reception point (TRP) broadcasting a first RS periodically for measurement, wherein the first RS is transmitted at multiple occasions (or timings) in each period on different beams. The method also includes the cell, TP, or TRP transmitting a second RS to a UE for PDCCH demodulation, wherein the second RS is transmitted on multiple beams in a beam set of the UE in a subframe (or symbol) in which the PDCCH is transmitted.

A resynchronization signal (RSS) may extend across multiple physical resource blocks (PRBs) or subframes, which may cause the RRS to be scheduled to overlap with other downlink transmissions. Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described for management of RSS and one or more other transmission types that may have overlapping wireless resources with the RSS. If one or more other downlink transmissions are scheduled for resources that overlap with resources scheduled for an RSS transmission, the UE may receive the RSS transmission or the one or more other downlink transmissions, or a combination thereof, based on a prioritization of the transmission types of the one or more other downlink transmissions relative to RSS. The RSS transmission or the one or more other transmissions may be delayed, dropped, punctured, or rate-matched when the RSS transmission and the one or more other downlink transmissions conflict.

A method of a wireless device arranged to perform measurements of signals wirelessly transmitted from at least one network node and being associated with a first cell and a second cell, respectively. The signals to be measured include signals of a first type and a second type. If the signals of the first type associated with the first cell and the second cell occur simultaneously, the signal of the first type associated with the first cell and the signal of the second type associated with the second cell are measured. If the signals of the first type associated with the first cell and the second cell do not occur simultaneously, the signal of the first type associated with the first cell and the signal of the first type associated with the second cell are measured.

There is disclosed a method for operating a terminal (10) in a wireless communication network, the terminal (10) being adapted for dual connectivity, the method comprising determining a total configured maximum output power P.sub.CMAX of the terminal (10) based on a synchronization level. There are also disclosed further related devices and methods.