[Object] To provide a communication apparatus and a communication method, which are capable of improving the communication efficiency while preventing collision of responses in communication of responses to frames transmitted to a plurality of communication apparatuses.

[Solution] Provided is a communication apparatus, including: a processing unit configured to generate a frame indicating designation information designating a transmission process for multiplexing differing for each of a plurality of other communication apparatuses; and a communication unit configured to transmit the frame generated by the processing unit to the plurality of other communication apparatuses. Also provided is a communication apparatus, including: a processing unit configured to perform a reception process of receiving a frame from another communication apparatus, and process a response to the frame in accordance with a transmission process indicated from the other communication apparatus, the transmission process differing for each of a plurality of communication apparatuses.

Methods are described allowing a vector signaling code to encode multi-level data without the significant alphabet size increase known to cause symbol dynamic range compression and thus increased noise susceptibility. By intentionally restricting the number of codewords used, good pin efficiency may be maintained along with improved system signal-to-noise ratio.

Methods are described allowing a vector signaling code to encode multi-level data without the significant alphabet size increase known to cause symbol dynamic range compression and thus increased noise susceptibility. By intentionally restricting the number of codewords used, good pin efficiency may be maintained along with improved system signal-to-noise ratio.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A transmission method for multiple access is provided. The transmission method including performing, by a transmitter, channel coding on a bit sequence to determine a coded sequence, performing, by the transmitter, symbol modulation on the coded sequence, performing, by the transmitter, grid mapping on the modulated symbol sequence to determine a mapped sequence, and transmitting the mapped sequence.

Provided is a method for transmitting, by a user equipment (UE), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) in a wireless communication system. A terminal receives a cyclic shift field, which indicates a first value and a second value, through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) from a base station, generates a first DMRS sequence and a second DMRS sequence, which are associated with a first layer and a second layer respectively, by using a first cyclic shift and a second cyclic shift, respectively, which are determined based on the first value and the second value respectively, and transmits the first DMRS sequence and the second DMRS sequence to the base station. Furthermore, the first value and the second value are separated by a maximum value corresponding to a total number of possible cyclic shifts.

Provided is a method for transmitting, by a user equipment (UE), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) in a wireless communication system. A terminal receives a cyclic shift field, which indicates a first value and a second value, through a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) from a base station, generates a first DMRS sequence and a second DMRS sequence, which are associated with a first layer and a second layer respectively, by using a first cyclic shift and a second cyclic shift, respectively, which are determined based on the first value and the second value respectively, and transmits the first DMRS sequence and the second DMRS sequence to the base station. Furthermore, the first value and the second value are separated by a maximum value corresponding to a total number of possible cyclic shifts.

A method for monitoring a control channel in a wireless communication system and a wireless device using the same are provided. The wireless device monitors a downlink control channel in at least one physical resource block (PRB) pair of a subframe that is assigned for an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) set. A beatstream for downlink control information of the downlink control channel is scrambled by a scrambling sequence that is initialized on the basis of a scrambling initialization value allocated to the EPDCCH set.

A method for monitoring a control channel in a wireless communication system and a wireless device using the same are provided. The wireless device monitors a downlink control channel in at least one physical resource block (PRB) pair of a subframe that is assigned for an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) set. A beatstream for downlink control information of the downlink control channel is scrambled by a scrambling sequence that is initialized on the basis of a scrambling initialization value allocated to the EPDCCH set.

An optical network is disclosed which includes an optical fiber shared by a plurality of transmitters using code division multiple access techniques. The transmitters are connected by tributary optical fibers to the shared optical fiber. In code division multiple access techniques, each communication is encoded with a distinctive code which enables a receiver to extract the communication intended for it from amongst communications intended for other receivers. It is found that synchronizing the communications on the optical fiber improves the ability of a receiver to extract the communication intended for it. Injecting an optical pulse signal into the optical network, and using the tributary optical fibers to carry the clock signal to the transmitters provides an inexpensive method of synchronizing the transmitters which feed signals onto the optical fiber. The technology is of use in optical networks, and other transmission line networks, and is well-suited to use in local area networks.

An optical network is disclosed which includes an optical fiber shared by a plurality of transmitters using code division multiple access techniques. The transmitters are connected by tributary optical fibers to the shared optical fiber. In code division multiple access techniques, each communication is encoded with a distinctive code which enables a receiver to extract the communication intended for it from amongst communications intended for other receivers. It is found that synchronizing the communications on the optical fiber improves the ability of a receiver to extract the communication intended for it. Injecting an optical pulse signal into the optical network, and using the tributary optical fibers to carry the clock signal to the transmitters provides an inexpensive method of synchronizing the transmitters which feed signals onto the optical fiber. The technology is of use in optical networks, and other transmission line networks, and is well-suited to use in local area networks.