An ROF communication remote machine and an ROF system are disclosed. The machine comprises a first packaging module and a second packaging module. The first packaging module comprises a first branch and a second branch The first branch is used for converting a downlink optical signal, and sending the downlink electrical signal to the second packaging module. The second branch receives the downlink electrical signal, converts the downlink electrical signal into a downlink optical signal, sends the downlink optical signal to the local machine, receives an uplink electrical signal, and sends the uplink electrical signal to the local machine. The second packaging module is used for amplifying the power of the downlink electrical signal, filtering the downlink electrical signal, then feeding back the downlink electrical signal to another component, receiving the uplink electrical signal, and sending the uplink electrical signal to the second port.

A WDM1r combiner for a PON. The output end of an input waveguide is connected to the input end of a first grating filter, the output end of the first grating filter is connected to the input ends of a first mode filter, a second grating filter, a second mode filter, a connecting waveguide, a third grating filter, a third mode filter, and a fourth grating filter in sequence, and the output end of the fourth grating filter is connected to an output waveguide. The function of the WDM1r combiner for a PON is achieved in the form of cascaded grating filters; different central wavelengths and bandwidths of four channels are obtained by optimizing a grating structure; an on-chip WDM1r combiner which is low in insertion loss and crosstalk and has flat-top response is obtained; the combiner has the advantages of being simple in structure, simple in process, excellent in performance, etc.

An example reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer includes: optical fibers, X first wavelength selective switches, and Y wavelength add/drop modules. The X first wavelength selective switches correspond to W directions. The W directions include a first direction and a second direction. The first direction corresponds to P first wavelength selective switches among the X first wavelength selective switches. The second direction corresponds to Q first wavelength selective switches among the X first wavelength selective switches, where P+Q is less than or equal to X. A first wavelength add/drop module is connected to A of the P first wavelength selective switches by using one or more first optical fibers, and connected to B of the Q first wavelength selective switches by using one or more second optical fibers, where the first wavelength add/drop module is one of the Y wavelength add/drop modules, A is less than P.

An optical demultiplexer includes a first optical-processing-circuit to include first to third AMZs, each including a pair-of-arms of different lengths, the first AMZ outputting, to the second AMZ, a first signal-light-component and a first local-oscillation-light with center wavelengths adjacent to each other among a plurality of signal-light-components and a plurality of local-oscillation-lights inputted to the pair-of-arms, and outputting, to the third AMZ, a second signal-light-component with a same center wavelength as the first local-oscillation-light and a second local-oscillation-light with the same center wavelength as the first signal-light-component, the second AMZ outputting the first signal-light-component and the first local-oscillation-light, which are inputted to the pair-of-arms from the first AMZ, to a second optical-processing-circuit and a third optical-processing-circuit, respectively, and the third AMZ outputting the second local-oscillation-light and the second signal-light-component, which are inputted to the pair-of-arms from the first AMZ, to the second optical-processing-circuit and the third optical-processing-circuit, respectively.

An optical demultiplexer includes a first optical-processing-circuit to include first to third AMZs, each including a pair-of-arms of different lengths, the first AMZ outputting, to the second AMZ, a first signal-light-component and a first local-oscillation-light with center wavelengths adjacent to each other among a plurality of signal-light-components and a plurality of local-oscillation-lights inputted to the pair-of-arms, and outputting, to the third AMZ, a second signal-light-component with a same center wavelength as the first local-oscillation-light and a second local-oscillation-light with the same center wavelength as the first signal-light-component, the second AMZ outputting the first signal-light-component and the first local-oscillation-light, which are inputted to the pair-of-arms from the first AMZ, to a second optical-processing-circuit and a third optical-processing-circuit, respectively, and the third AMZ outputting the second local-oscillation-light and the second signal-light-component, which are inputted to the pair-of-arms from the first AMZ, to the second optical-processing-circuit and the third optical-processing-circuit, respectively.

An optical network communication system utilizes a passive optical network (PON) and includes an optical line terminal (OLT) having a downstream transmitter and an upstream receiver, and an optical network unit (ONU) having a downstream receiver and an upstream transmitter. The downstream transmitter is configured to provide a coherent downlink transmission, and the downstream receiver is configured to obtain one or more downstream parameters from the coherent downlink transmission. The system further includes a long fiber configured to carry the coherent downlink transmission between the OLT and the ONU. The ONU is configured to communicate to the OLT a first upstream ranging request message, the OLT is configured to communicate to the ONU a first downstream acknowledgement in response to the upstream first ranging request message, and the ONU is configured to communicate to the OLT a second upstream ranging request message based on the first downstream acknowledgement.

Disclosed herein are methods, devices, and systems for providing timing and bandwidth management of ultra-wideband, wireless data channels (including radio frequency and wireless optical data channels). According to one embodiment, a hub apparatus is disclosed for providing out-of-band bandwidth management for a free-space-optical (FSO) data channel associated with a first device. The hub apparatus includes a processor, a memory coupled with the processor, an FSO transmitter coupled with the processor, and an FSO receiver coupled with the processor. The FSO transmitter may be configured to transmit a control signal comprising timing information and bandwidth management information.

A dark fiber dense wavelength division multiplexing service path design microservice (ddSPDmS) can provide a scalable self-contained meta-data driven approach for a flexible implementation of a dark fiber dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) service path design solution. The service plan design solution can be used as a standalone solution or integrated with a network management application. In order to manage a large volume of circuit designs, multiple microservices can accept application program interface (API) requests in a cloud environment. Permission can then be given to any application to use the API to make a call to the design and inventory. Additionally, metadata templates can be designed to support a node, a link, and/or a topology for the microservices.

According to various aspects of the present disclosure, an apparatus is provided. In an aspect, the apparatus includes an optical transceiver having a first port, a second port and an optical switch coupled to the first port and the second port. The optical switch is switchable between a unidirectional port operation mode and a bidirectional port operation mode. When the optical switch is in the unidirectional port operation mode, the first port is configured to send a first optical signal, and the second port configured to receive a second optical signal. When the optical switch is in the bidirectional port operation mode, the first port configured to send the first optical signal and receive the second optical signal, and the second port configured to receive a third optical signal and not send the first signal. Furthermore, a second bidirectional port operation mode is supported with the second port configured to send the first optical signal and receive the second optical signal, and the first port configured to receive a third optical signal and not send the first signal.

A system for processing and measuring radio frequency (RF) signals is described. The system uses a plurality of RF-to-optical antennas (ROAs). The ROAs can be configured to measure different characteristics of an RF signal such as different frequency bands or different polarizations. The ROAs are probed with an optical source, and the ROAs measured are determined by the wavelength or wavelengths of said optical source. A wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) separates the incoming optical wavelength or wavelengths so that a different wavelength can probe each ROA. It is possible to reflect the ROA-modulated optical signal after propagating through the ROA so as to produce a larger modulation on the optical signal. Here, the WDM also serves to combine the optical wavelengths so that a single fiber serves as the optical interface to the ROAs. The device can be configured to operate over a wide range of RF spectra.