Techniques to generate network simulation scenarios are described. In one embodiment, an apparatus may comprise a records component operative to receive an example network configuration record; receive an example network operation record; a machine learning management component operative to generate a network operation model using a machine learning component based on the example network configuration record as an example input and the example network operation record as an example output; and a system-test component operative to receive a system-test network configuration record; and generate a system-test network operation record based on the system-test network configuration record using the network operation model. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

An optical space communication transmitting terminal includes: a plurality of transmitters that form a plurality of groups and transmit optical signals having wavelengths different from each other; multiplexers that are provided to each of the groups and outputs optical signals wavelength-multiplexed by multiplexing the optical signals transmitted from the transmitters belonging to the group; optical amplifiers that are provided to each of the groups and amplifies the wavelength-multiplexed optical signals; and optical antennas that are provided to each of the groups and transmits the amplified optical signals into space, in which the optical antennas of the groups transmit the optical signals in the same direction.

An optical space communication transmitting terminal includes: a plurality of transmitters that form a plurality of groups and transmit optical signals having wavelengths different from each other; multiplexers that are provided to each of the groups and outputs optical signals wavelength-multiplexed by multiplexing the optical signals transmitted from the transmitters belonging to the group; optical amplifiers that are provided to each of the groups and amplifies the wavelength-multiplexed optical signals; and optical antennas that are provided to each of the groups and transmits the amplified optical signals into space, in which the optical antennas of the groups transmit the optical signals in the same direction.

Embodiments of this application disclose an optical switch. The optical switch includes at least one first port, at least one second port, a first wavelength division multiplexing WDM apparatus, an optical splitter, an optical monitoring apparatus, and an optical switching apparatus. The first port is configured to transmit an input first optical signal to the first WDM apparatus, where the first optical signal is a multi-wavelength signal. The first WDM apparatus is configured to demultiplex the first optical signal. The optical splitter is configured to split a demultiplexed first optical signal to obtain a first sub-signal and a second sub-signal. The optical switching apparatus is configured to perform optical switching on the first sub-signal. The second port is configured to output a first sub-signal obtained after optical switching. The optical monitoring apparatus is configured to perform optical performance monitoring on the second sub-signal.

Methods and systems for monitoring an optical network are described. An optical device may receive a data signal. The optical device may send the data signal to a test port. A measuring device may measure characteristics associated with the data signal.

Methods and systems for monitoring an optical network are described. An optical device may receive a data signal. The optical device may send the data signal to a test port. A measuring device may measure characteristics associated with the data signal.

A communications network remote node having a downstream optical circuit configured to receive downstream, DS, optical signals from an active main node and from a standby main node, the downstream optical circuit switchable between a working mode and a protection mode. Optical receivers are configured to receive the demultiplexed downstream optical signals and output encapsulated downstream client signals. Optical transmitters are configured to receive encapsulated upstream client signals and to transmit upstream, US, optical signals at upstream wavelengths carrying the encapsulated upstream client signals. An upstream optical circuit is configured to multiplex the upstream optical signals carrying the encapsulated upstream client signals and to send the upstream optical signals to both main nodes. Processing circuitry is configured to extract downstream client signals and alignment data from encapsulated downstream client signals and form encapsulated upstream client signals by encapsulating upstream client signals and alignment data.

A wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer, a photonic integrated chip, and an optical module are provided. The wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer includes a substrate, a bus waveguide provided on the substrate, and at least two wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing units provided on the bus waveguide. Each of the at least two wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing units includes a mode multiplexer and an asymmetric Bragg grating. The mode multiplexer includes a first port, a second port, and a third port. The third port is connected to the asymmetric Bragg grating, so as to input a light in a TE1 mode or a higher-order mode to the asymmetric Bragg grating. The asymmetric Bragg grating transmits light containing wavelengths other than a wavelength λi. A grating period of the asymmetric Bragg grating and the wavelength λi satisfy a resonance condition.

A wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer, a photonic integrated chip, and an optical module are provided. The wavelength division multiplexer/demultiplexer includes a substrate, a bus waveguide provided on the substrate, and at least two wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing units provided on the bus waveguide. Each of the at least two wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing units includes a mode multiplexer and an asymmetric Bragg grating. The mode multiplexer includes a first port, a second port, and a third port. The third port is connected to the asymmetric Bragg grating, so as to input a light in a TE1 mode or a higher-order mode to the asymmetric Bragg grating. The asymmetric Bragg grating transmits light containing wavelengths other than a wavelength λi. A grating period of the asymmetric Bragg grating and the wavelength λi satisfy a resonance condition.

Coherent optical communications technology for recovery of 1D and 2D formatted optical signals. For example, 1D or 2D formatted signals that travel through fiber optic media may be recovered by separating the light into X- and Y-polarization components, rotating one polarization component (e.g., Y-component) into the polarization space of the other component (e.g., Y-component into the X-polarization space), delaying the rotated component enough to avoid destructive interference and combining the delayed component with the undelayed component to form a folded optical signal, which may then be processed as a X-polarized signal.