A physical layer (PHY) device of a switch system of a computing network, a switch system including the PHY device, a tangible non-transitory machine-readable medium to perform operations at the PHY device, and a method to be performed at the PHY device. The PHY device includes a first physical input/output (I/O), and a second physical (I/O), and PHY circuitry coupled between the first I/O and the second I/O. The PHY circuitry includes one of a retimer circuitry or a switch circuitry, and is to: implement a plurality of ports at the first I/O, and a data link at the second I/O; access a plurality of data flows from the plurality of ports at the first I/O; determine a multiplexed data stream from the plurality of data flows by implementing a multiplexing algorithm; and send the multiplexed data stream for transmission from the data link at the second I/O.

A generator device for generating an arbitrary optical pulse pattern includes: a light source to provide primary laser pulses, a distributor to provide a plurality of primary optical pulses by distributing light of the primary laser pulses (LB00.sub.k) into a plurality of branches, a combiner to form an output signal by combining modulated optical signals from the branches, and a controller unit to provide control signals for controlling optical modulators of the branches, wherein a first branch comprises a first optical modulator to form a first modulated optical signal from primary optical pulses of the first branch, wherein a second branch comprises a second optical modulator to form a second modulated optical signal from primary optical pulses of the second branch, and wherein a propagation delay of the second branch is different from a propagation delay of the first branch.

An optical transmitter transmits a modulated optical signal in which each symbol carries M bits. M is an integer larger than one. The optical transmitter includes: a signal generation circuit configured to generate M×N binary electric signals based on transmission data, bit rates of the M×N binary electric signals being equal to each other, N being an integer larger than one, when the optical transmitter multiplexes N optical signals in time-division multiplexing; a Mach-Zehnder interferometer; and M×N phase-shift elements provided along an optical path of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and respectively configured to shift phases of light propagated in the optical path corresponding to the M×N binary electric signals. The M×N phase-shift segments are comprised of N electrode groups. Each of the N electrode groups includes M or more electrodes to which corresponding M binary electric signals among the M×N binary electric signals are given.

An optical transmitter transmits a modulated optical signal in which each symbol carries M bits. M is an integer larger than one. The optical transmitter includes: a signal generation circuit configured to generate M×N binary electric signals based on transmission data, bit rates of the M×N binary electric signals being equal to each other, N being an integer larger than one, when the optical transmitter multiplexes N optical signals in time-division multiplexing; a Mach-Zehnder interferometer; and M×N phase-shift elements provided along an optical path of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and respectively configured to shift phases of light propagated in the optical path corresponding to the M×N binary electric signals. The M×N phase-shift segments are comprised of N electrode groups. Each of the N electrode groups includes M or more electrodes to which corresponding M binary electric signals among the M×N binary electric signals are given.

A coherent passive optical network includes a downstream transceiver and first and second upstream transceivers in communication with an optical transport medium. The downstream transceiver includes a downstream processor for mapping a downstream data stream to a plurality of sub-bands, and a downstream transmitter for transmitting a downstream optical signal modulated with the plurality of sub-bands. The first upstream transceiver includes a first local oscillator (LO) for tuning a first LO center frequency to a first sub-band of the plurality of sub-bands, and a first downstream receiver for coherently detecting the downstream optical signal within the first sub-band. The second upstream transceiver includes a second downstream receiver configured for coherently detecting the downstream optical signal within a second sub-band of the plurality of sub-bands. The downstream processor dynamically allocates the first and second sub-bands to the first and second transceivers in the time and frequency domains.

An asynchronous adaptation process includes receiving a first plurality of frames of a first interface group at a first rate, determining idle/stuffing data to be added in each of the first plurality of frames based on a second rate associated with a second plurality of frames of a second interface group, adding information about the idle/stuffing data in each frame of the first plurality of frames in a preceding frame, and transmitting the second plurality of frames of the second interface group with the idle/stuffing data included therein, wherein the second plurality of frames includes the first plurality of frames with the idle/stuffing data.

An asynchronous adaptation process includes receiving a first plurality of frames of a first interface group at a first rate, determining idle/stuffing data to be added in each of the first plurality of frames based on a second rate associated with a second plurality of frames of a second interface group, adding information about the idle/stuffing data in each frame of the first plurality of frames in a preceding frame, and transmitting the second plurality of frames of the second interface group with the idle/stuffing data included therein, wherein the second plurality of frames includes the first plurality of frames with the idle/stuffing data.

An asynchronous adaptation process includes receiving a first plurality of frames of a first interface group at a first rate, determining idle/stuffing data to be added in each of the first plurality of frames based on a second rate associated with a second plurality of frames of a second interface group, adding information about the idle/stuffing data in each frame of the first plurality of frames in a preceding frame, and transmitting the second plurality of frames of the second interface group with the idle/stuffing data included therein, wherein the second plurality of frames includes the first plurality of frames with the idle/stuffing data.

An asynchronous adaptation process includes receiving a first plurality of frames of a first interface group at a first rate, determining idle/stuffing data to be added in each of the first plurality of frames based on a second rate associated with a second plurality of frames of a second interface group, adding information about the idle/stuffing data in each frame of the first plurality of frames in a preceding frame, and transmitting the second plurality of frames of the second interface group with the idle/stuffing data included therein, wherein the second plurality of frames includes the first plurality of frames with the idle/stuffing data.

A data management structure (1a) on board a transportation device, incorporating a cabin (100) provided with seats (110), includes a data resource block (210) incorporating audiovisual transmission system units (211 to 213), outward communication systems (100) and/or cabin systems, a standardised data distribution architecture (10a), and devices (E1 to E4) for operating said systems. In the structure (1a), the standardised architecture (10a) includes a concentration box (11) for the bidirectional transfer, on the one hand, of base signals with the resource block (210) and, on the other hand, optical signals with the devices (E1 to E4) of the cabin (100) on at least one optical fibre (2, 3; 2a, 2′a; 2b). This concentration box (11) houses units for processing (211 to 213) by signal switching, bidirectional conversion into optical signals, and optical signal management by wavelength allocation and distribution of downstream (F1) and upstream (F2) optical flows. This concentration box (11) is connected to the devices (E1 to E4) of said systems via intermediate boxes (30, 40) also housing processing units (111 to 113) according to the devices (E1 to E4) to which they are connected.