A system may include a first radio comprising a first radio processor, a first radio modem, and a first radio transmitter configured to transmit non-hopping transmissions and hopping transmissions. The system may further include a second radio comprising a second radio processor, a second radio modem, and a second radio hopping receiver, wherein the second radio hopping receiver is a non-staring second radio receiver. The first radio may be configured to: receive a message and a destination for the message, the destination being the second radio; upon a determination that the destination has a non-staring receiver, store the message; determine a time interval start time for a cyclical hop pattern associated with the second radio; output the message from the memory to the first radio modem; output the message from the first radio modem to the first radio transmitter; and/or transmit the message to the second radio.

An example acoustic detector includes an acoustic transducer, an analog-to-digital converter, an encryption module, and a wireless communication interface. The acoustic transducer is to be coupled to a solid medium and is configured to generate an electrical signal in response to acoustic waves propagating through the solid medium. The analog-to-digital converter is coupled to the acoustic transducer to convert the electrical signal into digital acoustic data. The encryption module is coupled to encrypt the digital acoustic data to generate encrypted acoustic data and the wireless communication interface is coupled to transmit the encrypted acoustic data via one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

A data modulation method includes dividing, by a terminal device, to-be-sent data into N bit groups, wherein N≥2 and N is an integer. The method also includes generating, by the terminal device, N complex symbol groups. An i.sup.th complex symbol group is obtained by processing an i.sup.th bit group based on a mapping rule corresponding to the i.sup.th bit group. The mapping rule corresponding to the i.sup.th bit group is determined based on at least a group identity of the i.sup.th bit group and a first parameter. The first parameter includes at least one of a pilot parameter, a hopping identity, a terminal device identity, a layer index of a non-orthogonal layer, or a hopping offset. The N bit groups correspond to at least two different mapping rules, 0≤i≤N−1, and i is an integer. The method further includes sending, by the terminal device, the N complex symbol groups.

A phase calibration method includes: segmenting a received measurement sequence according to a preset rule; respectively determining a phase calibration factor of each of segmented measurement sequences, wherein the each of the segmented measurement sequences respectively corresponds to a segmented phase; and when performing a phase calibration on a sequence to be verified, according to a matching relation between a phase of the sequence to be verified and the each of the segmented phases, using the phase calibration factor corresponding to a matched segmented phase to perform the phase calibration on the sequence to be verified. The embodiments of the phase calibration method and the device are equivalent to dividing a non-linear measurement sequence into several approximately linear measurement sequences, and then calibrating each of the several approximately linear measurement sequences using a corresponding phase calibration factor respectively.

A method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided that enable use of a full transmission power for a UE having a first set of coherent antenna ports that is non-coherent to a second set of coherent antenna ports. The apparatus determines a transmission power for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission from at least one antenna port including splitting the transmission power among multiple antenna ports having non-zero power without scaling the transmission power, and wherein the UE includes at least a first antenna port that is non-coherent to a second antenna port. Then, the apparatus transmits the PUSCH transmission using the determined transmission power.

A method for operating a beacon may include repeatedly emitting an identification number. The identification information is encrypted multiple times in a different manner by a one-way function and is emitted during the repeated emission in a differently encrypted form.

Provided is a data-coding apparatus that includes: a data-input line for receiving input data; a data scrambler having light sources coupled to the data-input line and modulated in accordance with the input data, and light sensors that receive light from the light sources; and at least one light-sensing processor coupled to the light sources and configured so as to selectively isolate light signals received from individual ones of the light sources based on at least one control signal input into such data scrambler. The light-sensing processor is dynamically controlled by the control signal(s) so as to rearrange words within the input data according to patterns that change in real time.

The present disclosure relates to a pre-5.sup.th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4.sup.th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). An apparatus of a terminal in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes at least one transceiver and at least one processor operatively coupled to the at least one transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to control the transceiver to communicate through a cell determined based on information regarding a strength of a received signal for a first cell and a path diversity (PD) for the first cell. The PD comprises information regarding paths associated with the first cell.

A digital transmission system includes a transmitter configured to transmit an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal along a signal path, a receiver for receiving the OFDM signal from the transmitter and extracting OFDM symbols from the received OFDM signal, and a diagnostic unit configured to (i) demodulate the received OFDM signal to create an ideal signal, (ii) compare the received OFDM signal with the ideal signal to calculate an error signal, (iii) cross-correlate the error signal with the ideal signal, and (iv) determine a level nonlinear distortion from one of the transmitter and the signal path based on the correlation of the error signal with the ideal signal.

The present disclosure relates to a communication technique for combining a 5G communication system with IoT technology to support a higher data transmission rate than a 4G system, and a system thereof. The present disclosure can be applied to 5G communication and IoT related technology-based intelligent services (for example, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, health care, digital education, retail business, security and safety related services, etc.). In addition, the present disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for setting a reference signal in a 5G or NR system. Disclosed is a method of a terminal in a wireless communication system, the method comprising the steps of: transmitting capability information (UE capability) of the terminal to a base station; and receiving, from the base station, nonlinear precoding related information identified on the basis of the capability information of the terminal, wherein the nonlinear precoding related information includes information on whether or not nonlinear precoding is applied, and information for controlling reference signal settings, and wherein the information on whether or not the nonlinear precoding is applied indicates whether or not a modulo operation is applied.