Technology for an eNodeB operable to apply scrambling to coded bits transported via a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) to a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. The eNodeB can generate a code word that comprises coded bits for transmission to the UE. The UE can be a bandwidth-reduced low complexity (BL) UE or a coverage enhancement (CE) UE. The eNodeB can identify, for the BL UE or the CE UE, a scrambling sequence to be applied to the coded bits. The scrambling sequence can be initialized using a defined initialization value (c.sub.init). The eNodeB can apply the scrambling sequence with the defined initialization value to the coded bits to obtain scrambled coded bits. The eNodeB can encode the scrambled coded bits for transmission to the UE via the PDSCH.

Technology for an eNodeB operable to apply scrambling to coded bits transported via a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) to a user equipment (UE) is disclosed. The eNodeB can generate a code word that comprises coded bits for transmission to the UE. The UE can be a bandwidth-reduced low complexity (BL) UE or a coverage enhancement (CE) UE. The eNodeB can identify, for the BL UE or the CE UE, a scrambling sequence to be applied to the coded bits. The scrambling sequence can be initialized using a defined initialization value (c.sub.init). The eNodeB can apply the scrambling sequence with the defined initialization value to the coded bits to obtain scrambled coded bits. The eNodeB can encode the scrambled coded bits for transmission to the UE via the PDSCH.

Examples relate to a transmission apparatus, transmission device, transmission method and computer program for a source device, and to a reception apparatus, reception device, reception method and computer program for a destination device. The transmission apparatus is suitable for generating a header of a transmission frame to be transmitted downstream from a source device to a plurality of destination devices via a point to multipoint communication network. The transmission apparatus comprises processing circuitry configured to generate the header based on a plurality data units to be transmitted to the destination devices. Each data unit is designated to be transmitted to one of the destination devices. The processing circuitry wherein the header is generated such, that the header comprises, for each destination device, information on a presence of data for the destination device in the transmission frame associated with the header.

The present invention is directed to communication systems and methods. In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides an optical receiver that receives a data stream from an optical transmitter. The optical receiver determines a histogram contour parameter using the data stream and inserts the histogram contour parameter into a back-channel data segment, which is then transmitted to the optical transmitter. The optical transmitter changes its data transmission setting based on the histogram contour parameter. There are other embodiments as well.

An illustrated embodiment disclosed herein is a method including receiving, by a gateway, a first physical data unit (PDU) of a plurality of PDUs from an endpoint via a first satellite, receiving, by the gateway, a second PDU of the plurality of PDUs from the endpoint via a second satellite, and decoding, by the gateway, a payload from the first PDU and the second PDU.

A computing system may include a server configured to host virtual computing sessions, and a client device. The client device may be configured to remotely access a virtual computing session from the server, and receive user input data associated with the virtual computing session and classify the data into first (higher priority) and second (lower priority) data packets. The client device may also be configured to send the first data packets to the server via a first virtual channel, and send the second data packets to the server via a second virtual channel having a higher packet loss rate associated therewith than the first virtual channel. The server may be configured to assemble the second data packets to reconstruct and inject the user input data into the virtual computing session based upon the first data packets.

Systems and methods for implementing a monitoring system for data collection in an industrial environment are disclosed. A method may include communicatively coupling a plurality of input channels to input sensors and interpreting detection values corresponding to the input channels, wherein the sensor data is acquired from a first group of input channels. A method may further include storing sensor specifications for sensors that correspond to the input channels, evaluating the sensor data with respect to stored anticipated state information including an alarm threshold level, setting an alarm state when the threshold level is exceeded for a first input channel, and changing the input channels being collected to an alternative group of input channels.

Provided are a radio terminal device, a radio base station device, and a channel signal forming method which can prevent quality degradation of the downlink resource allocation information by reducing the frequency of the zero information addition process to the downlink resource allocation information when executing communication using an uplink unit band and multiple downlink unit bands correlated to the uplink unit band. A base station includes: a PDCCH generation unit which includes the uplink allocation information relating to the uplink unit band only in some of the channel signals formed for each of the downlink unit bands; and a padding unit which adds zero information to the downlink allocation information only in the selected some channel signals having the bandwidth of the corresponding downlink unit band smaller than that of the uplink unit band until the downlink allocation information size becomes equal to the uplink allocation information size.

Systems, algorithms and methods for reclaiming unused portions of a satellite broadcast service's bandwidth for new services, utilizing higher performance coding techniques to yield better throughput, are presented. These systems, algorithms and methods achieve the reclaimed bandwidth in a way that is invisible to a legacy receiver, and that does not interfere with its reception of a legacy signal. In one embodiment, new data may be transmitted within a legacy transmission frame, for example within its cluster structure, using the same modulation and synchronization as used for the legacy data. The new data may be inserted into a channel or other subdivision at a head end. In another embodiment, one or more clusters or subdivisions with only new data may be transmitted, using the same modulation and synchronization as the legacy data clusters, but now employing a higher performing FEC and data interleaving structure on those clusters which contain only new data to yield an increase in available throughput. Finally, in a third embodiment, one or more clusters containing only new data may be transmitted, and in said one or more all new data clusters, different modulation and synchronization may be used then that of the legacy data clusters, thus employing a higher performing FEC and data interleaving structure than that of the legacy clusters. Various combinations of these approaches are also presented, as well as a set of novel receivers, or receiver configurations, to implement them and their combinations.

A low-latency, high-bandwidth, and highly scalable method delivers data from a source device to multiple communication devices on a communication network. Under this method, the communication devices (also called player nodes) provide download and upload bandwidths for each other. In this manner, the bandwidth requirement on the data source is significantly reduced. Such a data delivery network is scalable without limits with the number of player nodes. In one embodiment, a computer network includes (a) a source server that provides a data stream for delivery in the computer network, (b) player nodes that exchange data with each other to obtain a complete copy of the data stream, the network nodes being capable of dynamically joining or exiting the computer network, and (c) a control server which maintains a topology graph representing connections between the source server and the player nodes, and the connections among the player nodes themselves. In one embodiment, the control server is associated with a network address (e.g., an IP address) known to both the source server and the player nodes. The data stream may include, for example, a real-time broadcast of a sports event.