Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) allows multiple optical signals to be multiplexed onto a single optical link. Performance of SDM systems may be improved by monitoring performance metrics indicative of crosstalk between the spatially multiplexed signals and adjusting at least one transmission characteristic of one or more of the multiplexed signals in order to reduce the impact of the intermodal crosstalk.

There is disclosed a method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, the method including transmitting feedback signaling including feedback information, the feedback information being encoded with an error coding scheme, wherein an error coding size of the error coding scheme is dependent on a type of the feedback information. The disclosure also pertains to related devices and methods.

An information processing device (200, 300) includes a first encoding processing unit (212b), a second encoding processing unit (212d), and a communication unit (21, 41). The first encoding processing unit (212b) performs first error correction encoding processing in which a plurality of bit sequences are output from one or more bit sequences. The second encoding processing unit (212d) performs second error correction encoding processing in which one bit sequence is output from one bit sequence. The communication unit (21, 41) transmits at least one of a first transmission signal or a second transmission signal depending on a predetermined condition, the first transmission signal being obtained by performing the first error correction encoding processing and the second error correction encoding processing on transmission data sequences, and the second transmission signal being obtained by performing the second error correction encoding processing on the transmission data sequences.

Embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method and apparatus. A method at a transmit end includes: obtaining a first sequence, where the first sequence includes a first sub-sequence and a second sub-sequence; mapping the first sub-sequence into K third sub-sequences based on a preset sequence group; performing differential coding and phase modulation on the second sub-sequence to obtain a fourth sequence whose length is K′; obtaining K fifth sub-sequences based on the K third sub-sequences and the K′ fourth sub-sequences; and outputting a second sequence including the K fifth sub-sequences. A method at a receive end includes: obtaining a second sequence including K fifth sub-sequences, and detecting the K fifth sub-sequences based on a preset sequence group to obtain a first sub-sequence; and performing differential demodulation based on the first sub-sequence to obtain a second sub-sequence, so that a first sequence is determined.

An operation method of a sleep mode of an electronic device includes the following steps. A first sub-module of a first module sends a sleep command to a second sub-module of the first module and a third sub-module and a fourth sub-module of a second module, wherein the first sub-module includes first and second modes, the second sub-module includes third and fourth nodes, the third sub-module includes fifth and sixth nodes, and the fourth sub-module includes seventh and eighth nodes. The second sub-module, the third sub-module and fourth sub-module execute a sleep sequence in sequence to enter a sleep mode according to the sleep command. The first node sends the sleep command to the second node to execute the sleep sequence to enter the sleep mode. The first node sends the sleep command to the first node to execute the sleep sequence to enter the sleep mode.

The present disclosure aims to make it possible to transfer multicast packets at as high a rate as possible according to a state of a network, to perform high-quality and low-latency content distribution, and to perform stable multicast distribution on a network that is less likely to ensure a fixed available band such as a best-effort or wireless network.

The present disclosure is a content distribution system for converting part of communication for distribution into multicast communication, in which

a transmission-side edge server (UC/MC) applies Forward Error Correction to a multicast packet and transmits the multicast packet, a reception-side edge server (MC/UC) notifies the transmission-side edge server of information of packet loss of the received multicast packet, and

the transmission-side edge server (UC/MC) changes a transfer rate of a multicast packet to be transmitted based on the notified information of packet loss.

In order to manage with a smaller number of retransmissions of a data packet during attempts to reconstruct a data packet that has been incorrectly received in a wireless sensor network, it is proposed to implement in the receiving unit (2) a first method and a second method for reconstructing the incorrectly received data packet (DP), in a first step to apply the first method for reconstructing the incorrectly received data packet (DP) and to check for whether the data packet (DP) has thus been reconstructed, and in a subsequent second step to apply the second method for reconstructing the incorrectly received data packet (DP) if the incorrectly received data packet (DP) has not been reconstructed with the first method, and to check for whether the data packet (DP) has thus been reconstructed.

A method and relay for relaying messages. The relay includes tests reliability relating solely to messages estimated with error and taken in their form prior to error detection in order to be able to separate messages that are reliable and messages that are not reliable. The relay also includes a shaper unit having a channel interleaver and a modulator taking account only of the messages estimated without error and of those messages estimated with error that are reliable, this shaping being performed in soft form if at least one message estimated with error successfully passes the reliability test.

The present disclosure relates to wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a network device, user equipment, and a system information transmission method. In embodiments of the present disclosure, for user equipments of different coverage grades within a coverage area of a cell, a network device uses different sending parameters to send pieces of system information. When receiving a piece of system information, user equipment first determines a coverage grade of the user equipment within the cell, and receives, in a receiving manner that matches a sending parameter used by the network device to send the system information at the determined coverage grade to which the user equipment belongs, the system information sent by the network device. The network device uses different sending parameters for different coverage grades. This ensures receipt of pieces of system information by user equipments belonging to different coverage grades.

An illustrated embodiment disclosed herein is a method including receiving, by a gateway, a first physical data unit (PDU) of a plurality of PDUs from an endpoint via a first satellite, receiving, by the gateway, a second PDU of the plurality of PDUs from the endpoint via a second satellite, and decoding, by the gateway, a payload from the first PDU and the second PDU.