When a received message is found to be corrupted in 5G or 6G, the receiver can request a retransmission. If only one message element is faulted, retransmitting the whole message may be a waste. Procedures are disclosed for the receiver to determine which message elements are likely faulted by measuring the modulation quality, based on how far each message element's modulation deviates from the states of the modulation scheme. The receiver can then indicate, in an acknowledgement for example, which portion of the message needs to be retransmitted. After receiving that retransmitted portion, the receiver can then produce a merged version by substituting the retransmitted portion in the as-received message, or can select the best-quality elements from the two versions for the merged copy, and thereby eliminate most or all of the faults. Networks supporting these protocols may have fewer delays, faster responses, improved reliability, and reduced resource usage by avoiding unnecessary retransmission volumes, thereby providing improved service to network users, according to some embodiments.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to automatic antenna beam alignment. A method comprises determining first position-related information indicating a first location and a first orientation of a first communication device. The first communication device comprises a plurality of antenna sectors configured for generating respective directional beams. The method also comprises receiving, from a second communication device, second position-related information indicating a second location and a second orientation of the second communication device. The method also further comprises selecting a subset of the plurality of antenna sectors based on the first and the second position-related information; and causing the first communication device to perform beamforming training with the second communication device using the selected subset of antenna sectors. A decreased number of antenna sectors are scanned during the beamforming training, which can reduce the time overhead and facilitate the devices to find the best beam efficiently.

Systems and/or methods are disclosed of improving vehicular safety by acquiring data from a transceiver responsive to one or more signals that are received at the transceiver from one or more devices. The transceiver may be in a motor vehicle, and the one or more devices may include a base station and/or another transceiver of another motor vehicle. In some embodiments, the transceiver may transmit a signal responsive to having received a first signal from a first device, and the signal that is transmitted by the transceiver may cause a second device to transmit a second signal. Moreover, the transceiver may transmit data responsive to having received the second signal that is transmitted by the second device. In some embodiments, the transceiver may receive a signal from a first device, receive a signal from a second device, and transmit data responsive to having received both of the signals.

A transmission device includes a modulation unit that performs chirp-spread modulation on an input information series to generate a modulation signal; a delay unit that provides, to a plurality of modulation signals obtained by duplicating the modulation signal generated by the modulation unit, delays having lengths different from each other, a difference between the delays being an integral multiple of a reciprocal of a bandwidth of the modulation signal; and a plurality of transmission antennas that transmit the plurality of modulation signals, respectively, to which the delays are provided by the delay unit.

A mechanism capable of more appropriately performing antenna switching is provided. A communication device includes: a plurality of antenna panels (60) that each includes one or more antennas (51), one or more transmission analogue circuits (54) for transmitting a signal by using the antenna, and one or more reception analogue circuits (55) for receiving a signal by using the antenna; and a control section (240) that controls, on the basis of indication from a base station, the antenna panel in which antenna switching for switching of connection between the antenna and the transmission analogue circuit is to be performed among a plurality of the antenna panels, and a first resource on which the antenna switching in the corresponding antenna panel is to be performed.

Disclosed are procedures for measuring the modulation quality of each message resource element in a failed 5G or 6G communication, thereby revealing the most likely fault locations in the message. The types of modulation deviations in the low-quality message elements can provide further guidance as to the correct demodulation. In addition, after receiving a second copy, the copies can be merged by selecting the highest quality message elements from each version, where the quality is related to how far each message element's modulation deviates from the calibrated “states” of the modulation scheme. The receiver may also determine directional information based on the modulation of each message element, and may compare versions to determine the most likely correct state of each message element. Such strategies may directly recover the original message, or may greatly reduce the number of variations that need to be tested. When implemented, fault mitigation as disclosed herein can resolve message failures, improve communication reliability, reduce latency, and improve network operations overall, according to some embodiments.

Message failures due to noise and interference cause unnecessary delays and reduction in reliability in wireless networks. To detect, localize, and correct transmission faults in 5G and 6G networks, the receiver can measure the “modulation quality” of each message reference element, according to how closely the amplitude and phase match the amplitude and phase levels of the modulation scheme. If the message is faulted, the receiver can re-assign each message element with poor modulation quality to the adjacent states, or if necessary to each state in the modulation scheme, and may thereby find the correct message value in many cases. Certain zones around each modulation state can indicate how the message element has been distorted by interference, and thereby indicate where to search for the correct state of that message element. When implemented, message fault mitigation as disclosed herein can resolve message failures, improve communication reliability, reduce latency, and improve network operations overall, according to some embodiments.

Prior art includes error detection according to an embedded CRC (cyclic redundancy code) or the like, and error correction using FEC (forward error correction) codes, but achieves only partial success in practice, leading to frequent requests for message retransmission. Disclosed is a method for detecting errors in individual message elements using 5G or 6G technologies, by measuring the modulation quality according to how far the amplitude or phase of the message element deviates from the calibrated modulation levels of the modulation scheme. A large deviation indicates a faulted message element, whereas a close match with the calibrated modulation levels is likely correct. By identifying faulted message elements individually, the receiver can recover the message using a number of strategies, disclosed herein. With improved error detection, and localization to individual message elements, network communications can be substantially upgraded at negligible cost, according to some embodiments.

Wireless receivers in 5G and 6G are generally configured to discard faulted messages and request retransmission of the entire message. Disclosed is a procedure enabling the receiver to determine which specific message elements are faulted, and then to request only the faulted portion be retransmitted. Substantial time and wasted power can thereby be saved. The receiver can identify the faulted message element(s) by calculating a modulation quality of each message element and specifying only that portion of the message containing those message elements. For example, the receiver can determine the modulation quality by comparing a difference between the message element's amplitude or phase modulation and the closest predetermined amplitude or phase level of the modulation scheme. A deviation larger than a threshold value strongly suggests that the message element is wrong. The SNR and other factors can also be included in a formula to identify faulted message elements.

The present embodiment relates to a method and a system for data transmission and reception of a display device and, more specifically, to a method and a system for repeatedly checking whether an error has occurred in a data driving device configuration for high-speed communication when driving the display device to prevent the image quality degradation due to the configuration error.