In one embodiment, a network device, including packet processing circuitry, which includes at least one interface configured to receive packets, and packet forwarding circuitry configured to make respective forwarding decisions for respective ones of the packets, wherein the packet processing circuitry is configured to assign sequence numbers to the packets in at least one stage of packet processing, find missing packets in at least one corresponding later stage of the packet processing responsively to checking for missing sequence numbers among the assigned sequence numbers, and report the missing packets.

A jitter determination method for determining at least one jitter component of an input signal is described. The input signal is generated by a signal source. The jitter determination method includes: receiving the input signal; determining a step response based on the input signal, the step response being associated with at least the signal source; and determining at least one variation parameter associated with the determined step response, wherein the at least one variation parameter is indicative of a reliability of the determined step response. Further, a measurement instrument is described.

Example wireless feedback control systems disclosed herein include a receiver to receive a first measurement of a target system via a first wireless link. Disclosed example systems also include a neural network to predict a value of a state of the target system at a future time relative to a prior time associated with the first measurement, the neural network to predict the value of the state of the target system based on the first measurement and a prior sequence of values of a control signal previously generated to control the target system during a time interval between the prior time and the future time, and the neural network to output the predicted value of the state of the target system to a controller. Disclosed example systems further include a transmitter to transmit a new value of the control signal to the target system via a second wireless link.

Intelligent hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback can better support link adaption. Thus, in addition to the traditional HARQ feedback, which is to relay acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledgement (NAK) data based on a decoding result, a new state for the HARQ feedback can be represented as “ACK+”. Consequently, ACK+ can be used to indicate to the network that a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of a current data packet is too conservative, and the user equipment (UE) is capable of supporting a more aggressive MCS.

Disclosed is a precoding method comprising the steps of: generating a first coded block and a second coded block with use of a predetermined error correction block coding scheme; generating a first precoded signal z1 and a second precoded signal z2 by performing a precoding process, which corresponds to a matrix selected from among the N matrices F[i], on a first baseband signal s1 generated from the first coded block and a second baseband signal s2 generated from the second coded block, respectively; the first precoded signal z1 and the second precoded signal z2 satisfying (z1, z2).sup.T=F[i] (s1, s2).sup.T; and changing both of or one of a power of the first precoded signal z1 and a power of the second precoded signal z2, such that an average power of the first precoded signal z1 is less than an average power of the second precoded signal z2.

Disclosed is a precoding method comprising the steps of: generating a first coded block and a second coded block with use of a predetermined error correction block coding scheme; generating a first precoded signal z1 and a second precoded signal z2 by performing a precoding process, which corresponds to a matrix selected from among the N matrices F[i], on a first baseband signal s1 generated from the first coded block and a second baseband signal s2 generated from the second coded block, respectively; the first precoded signal z1 and the second precoded signal z2 satisfying (z1, z2).sup.T=F[i] (s1, s2).sup.T; and changing both of or one of a power of the first precoded signal z1 and a power of the second precoded signal z2, such that an average power of the first precoded signal z1 is less than an average power of the second precoded signal z2.

Physical layer devices and related methods for determining Bit Error Rates (BERs) and correcting errors in signals received through shared transmission media of wireless local area networks are disclosed. A physical layer device is configured to identify coding violations in received signal, determine a rate of the coding violations in the signal, and estimate a BER of the signal to be equal to the determined rate of the coding violations. A physical layer device is configured to invert a half symbol immediately preceding or immediately following a coding violation based, at least in part, on signal integrities of the half symbol immediately preceding and the half symbol immediately following the coding violation to correct a bit error.

In certain aspects, a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) includes attempting to receive, from a first base station, data via a first communication link, generating a radio link control (RLC) status report indicating a status of the data at the UE, and transmitting, to a second base station, the RLC status report via a second communication link. The UE may be simultaneously connected to the first base station and the second base station using dual connectivity. In one example, the first base station may be configured as a secondary cell group (SCG) and the second base station may be configured as a master cell group (MCG). In one example, the first communication link may be a New Radio (NR) link and the second communication link may be a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) link.

In certain aspects, a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) includes attempting to receive, from a first base station, data via a first communication link, generating a radio link control (RLC) status report indicating a status of the data at the UE, and transmitting, to a second base station, the RLC status report via a second communication link. The UE may be simultaneously connected to the first base station and the second base station using dual connectivity. In one example, the first base station may be configured as a secondary cell group (SCG) and the second base station may be configured as a master cell group (MCG). In one example, the first communication link may be a New Radio (NR) link and the second communication link may be a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) link.

A faulted message element in 5G or 6G can often be identified according to its modulation parameters, including a large deviation of the branch amplitudes from the predetermined amplitude levels of the modulation scheme, and/or the SNR of the branch amplitudes, and/or an amplitude variation of the raw signal or the branches during the message element, and/or an inconsistency between the modulation state as determined by the amplitude and phase of the raw waveform versus the amplitudes of the orthogonal branch signals, among other measures of modulation quality. An AI model may be necessary to correlate the various quality measures, and optionally to determine the correct demodulation of faulted message elements. Costly, time-consuming retransmissions may be avoided by determining the correct demodulation of each message element at the receiver, thereby improving throughput and reliability with fewer delays.