Implementations are directed to designing a redundant configuration for a virtualized network function with cost efficiency while improving reliability of entire service chain. A service chain design apparatus includes a redundancy target VNF determining unit that defines, as importance of each VNF, at least one of the number of service chains using the VNF or the number of accommodated users in the service chains using the VNF, and determines a VNF having high importance as a redundancy target VNF, and a redundancy determining unit that determines, when importance of the redundancy target VNF determined by the redundancy target VNF determining unit exceeds a predetermined threshold, the redundancy target VNF having the importance exceeding the predetermined threshold as a redundancy execution VNF.

The provision of redundancy in a sync network, which protects the sync network against faults, such as broken cables in the sync network. The gateway comprises a sync propagation module configured to provide redundant sync requests that are sent along different pathways in the sync network. These sync requests are sent to towards different masters in the sync network. If a fault occurs at a point in one of the paths, the gateway will still receive a sync acknowledgment returned along the other path. Furthermore, the use of redundant sync networks, propagating the sync requests across different paths, allows fault detection in the wiring to be detected.

The provision of redundancy in a sync network, which protects the sync network against faults, such as broken cables in the sync network. The gateway comprises a sync propagation module configured to provide redundant sync requests that are sent along different pathways in the sync network. These sync requests are sent to towards different masters in the sync network. If a fault occurs at a point in one of the paths, the gateway will still receive a sync acknowledgment returned along the other path. Furthermore, the use of redundant sync networks, propagating the sync requests across different paths, allows fault detection in the wiring to be detected.

A signal processing device includes a distributing unit and a plurality of correcting units with different processing performance, the distributing unit distributes a bit sequence having a first number of bits to the first correcting unit, and a bit sequence having a second number of bits less than the first number of bits to the second correcting unit having lower processing performance than the first correcting unit, the first correcting unit applies error correction processing to the bit sequence having the first number of bits distributed to the first correcting unit, and the second correcting unit applies error correction processing to the bit sequence having the second number of bits distributed to the second correcting unit.

Methods, systems, and computer program products are provided for receiving a data packet at a receiver in a communication system, the communication system comprises at least one main transmission network and at least one backup network, the detection of the loss of a data packet from a main transmission network being based on a hash key signature derived from at least a portion of the data packet and the lost data packet being recovered from a backup network.

Methods, systems, and computer program products are provided for receiving a data packet at a receiver in a communication system, the communication system comprises at least one main transmission network and at least one backup network, the detection of the loss of a data packet from a main transmission network being based on a hash key signature derived from at least a portion of the data packet and the lost data packet being recovered from a backup network.

Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) using non-overlapping Resource Unit (RU) groupings may be provided. A first computing device may associate to a first Access Point (AP) at a virtual Media Access Control (MAC) address. Next, the first computing device may associate to a second AP at the virtual MAC address. Then data from a data frame may be replicated to a first one or more RUs in a channel. The first one or more RUs may be assigned to the first AP. Data from the data frame may then be replicated to a second one or more RUs in the channel. The second one or more RUs may be assigned to the second AP and may not overlap the first one or more RUs.

Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) using non-overlapping Resource Unit (RU) groupings may be provided. A first computing device may associate to a first Access Point (AP) at a virtual Media Access Control (MAC) address. Next, the first computing device may associate to a second AP at the virtual MAC address. Then data from a data frame may be replicated to a first one or more RUs in a channel. The first one or more RUs may be assigned to the first AP. Data from the data frame may then be replicated to a second one or more RUs in the channel. The second one or more RUs may be assigned to the second AP and may not overlap the first one or more RUs.

In a communication control method for a communication terminal device including a plurality of communication units corresponding to different communication schemes or communication systems to perform communication in parallel, when a first communication unit performs transmission, transmission/reception of another communication unit is stopped. Then, a transmission/reception stop duration of the another communication unit is set to be equal to or less than a predetermined number of synchronization protection stages.

A system and method are provided for assisting user devices in performing OFDMA downlink interference cancellation, in which an interfering base station transmits a downlink signal in a first slot and a second slot, both slots including cell reference signals (CRSs) for physical channel estimation, the CRS of the second slot is modified to indicate encoded values of parameters characterizing the physical channel according to an encoding procedure, the slots are received by a served user device that detects the physical channel parameters carried by dedicated control signalling and encodes them by the encoding procedure, an unchanged CRS is reconstructed, and the slots are received by an interfered user device obtaining the encoded values and comparing to parameter patterns indicating absence of modifications in the CRSs, wherein if the encoded values are different from the patterns, the interfered user device decodes them to perform interference cancellation of the downlink signal.